in my experience the Koreans are less focused on absolute quality in a holistic sense, and instead have more cutthroat/pragmatic business sensibilities and a better feel of Western market demands when compared to the Japanese. The foundation of their post-war industry was laid by ethnically Korean ex-Japanese imperial military officers and Japan affiliated businessmen, so their organization and processes are extremely similar, but the culture when it comes to the products/service/design is different.
Back to Ford/big 3, among the things mentioned in this thread, IMO their domination of the full size pickup market has left them complacent for years. For GM/Dodge, its almost as if they have conceded they have no chance of making passenger vehicles on par with other makes, and thus the strategy for most of their non-truck/muscle car vehicles seems like to have their corporate bureaucracy choose from a catalog of foreign cars under their partnership/ownership umbrella to slap their badge on. GM/Chrysler muscle/sports car and V8 divisions are the last remnants of what was great about American vehicles. Ford instead went with the "global car" strategy in the post-financial crisis/emissions era, which initially had me optimistic, but like you described in your post the company culture is still more on the of decaying post modern American corporation side of the spectrum than not.