If you don't run an approved oil, sure. That was an issue early on when VW introduced extended drain intervals this side of the pond and the spec VW Castrol 5w-30 was more expensive and harder to obtain than Syntec 5w-30 (might have been API SL at the time) so the dealers would often sub that product in instead, or even other 5w-30's. Of course those oils were never designed for the intervals dictated by VW and the oils would break down long before the OLM chimed off that it was due to change. This resulted in sludge and all kinds of issues to the point where VW was forced to address this with the dealerships and techs. Techs that were ASE and VW Certified and didn't know a **** thing about oil.
The OEM's spend considerable time and money developing their specifications and approvals to ensure that the oils approved against those specifications will hold up for the change interval spec'd. There's no conspiracy about OEM's trying to JUST get the engine out of warranty and then it is going to sludge and varnish itself to death. Most of those examples will have been using a non-spec lubricant at the factory interval or had some other issue like a fault PCV or crankcase breather system. And then there's the end user that doesn't change the oil when it says to.
Then there are other ends of the spectrum like Honda who spec'd API whatever in engines that were devastatingly hard on oil. Clearly they don't implement a validation program like the Euro marques and the results speak for themselves.
@Trav and
@The Critic have both shown what that looks like (Honda VCM engines). Trav often recommends a Euro oil like M1 0w-40 for those applications because of its ability to hold up better and longer. Not surprisingly, this is an oil that has most of the extended drain approvals for Euro marques.