time and temperature cycles.
Also, Dad's R16 let some of the clear end of the plug threads protrude into the chamber. To try to back all of that out had carbon/lead junk getting worked through the threads, so you'd do a sort of reverse tap. 1 turn out, 1/4 turn back in.
Thinking back, leaded fuels had less sticky plugs overall (we were leaded until 1987).