oil filter flow vs filtration

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quote:

I suspect the Ford test spec numbers you posted are not far from a typical operating condition on a real engine.

I suspect so too, at least in your typical domestic iron. My aftermarket HV pump was rated at something like 10 gpm @ 3000 rpm. The OEM pump had half the vane depth. I would imagine many of your OHC setups have higher typical flow numbers since they're forced lubricate critical items in more places then the typical pushrod engine where one main gallery lubes the mains and the cam.
 
quote:

Just because two events happen at the same time does not necessarily mean that they are related.

Okay ...that's totally possible...but there is reasonable cause to see a cause and effect relationship. I'll entertain alternative causes ..but so far no one has come up with any. (visions of Anthony Hopkins in Meet Joe Black, "You say you love her but you don't know what love is. She says she loves you, but she doesn't know who you are." * requires substantail associative ability for relavance)

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The filter does not have variable resistance.

Well, let's qualify that. We're not truly viewing the filter from a resistance aspect. We're viewing it as a pressure drop that we integrate to a resistance. Now the filter is a non reactive component ...but pressure drop is a reactive indicator. If you had a background in DC resistive circuits this would be easier to understand (or at least would have you asking the same questions that I am)...the only difference is being able to view it from a current flow perspective with a variable voltage supply that antenuates at a max voltage.

Admittedly, I'm too stale on the topic to build a model that can offer the view I'm struggling to describe.
quote:

The resistance (DP or PSID) varies based on flow and fluid viscosity.

But my observations discount this to a great degree. Surely the use of a 20w-50 as opposed to a 5w-20 would have far more viscosity differences than similarities in a vast number of conditions (temps and flow rates) ..yet both produce a 3-4 psid in all modes when the peak system pressure is below the relief threshold. That is, the engine represents the majority of the pressure drop and the filter, integrated for all the reasons that effect pressure (visc, flow, etc.) are proportionally impacting the downstream environment ...and the differences in the filter's impact on the total pressure drop is not apparent and I'm leaning toward that they may be able to be measured in inches of water column.


We're not exploring this to the intimate level that is necessary here.

[ June 02, 2005, 11:47 AM: Message edited by: Gary Allan ]
 
quote:

If you had a background in DC resistive circuits this would be easier to understand

I understand DC circuits. Equating hydraulics to electric circuits. As you know, pressure is voltage, current is flow, and a filter is a resister. Thus, the voltage potential measured across the resistor must increase as current increases. Right?

quote:

But my observations discount this to a great degree. Surely the use of a 20w-50 as opposed to a 5w-20 would have far more viscosity differences than similarities in a vast number of conditions (temps and flow rates) ..yet both produce a 3-4 psid in all modes when the peak system pressure is below the relief threshold.

The problem here is that we do not know how accurate your gauges are. One thing you could try is to take a reading, swap the Pin and Pout gauge, then take the reading under the same circumstances again. Another problem with your gauges is that it is difficult to read down to the 1 psi. Then you are subtracting one reading from another to get PSID. of 3-4psid. A gauge error of 2 percent could cause the reading to change by over 1psi(2% of 60psi = 1.2psi). To get a reliable reading you really need a PSID gauge.
 
quote:

I understand DC circuits. Equating hydraulics to electric circuits. As you know, pressure is voltage, current is flow, and a filter is a resister. Thus, the voltage potential measured across the resistor must increase as current increases. Right?

Correct. The twist is that electrical circuits are "demand driven". You have an available current limit and an applied pressure. It's not the same "view" that we need for a hydraulic circuit like this ..where the applied pressure is a result of vaiable current through fixed resistances.

You have to work backwards from the normal DC models. I've never seen an electrical "current pump" that you can hook up to a set of resistive loads and produce a resultant voltage. That's where you have to change your perception. This is where you could see how apparent resistance can change once you switch from a series to a parallel circuit. What I can't do is build a model that has a variable resistance, in parallel to a fixed one with that only works when you have a voltage limit. You're trading horses in midstream there. In my case, @82 psi ..it acts like a parallel voltage regulated circuit with unknown current flow and unknown resistance. The relief acts as a variable resistor that automatically antenuates the max pressure. It shunts whatever current is in excess to ground, so to speak ..lowering the total system resistance so that it can produce no more "voltage" in that equation.

This difference is what is allowing the filter to see more PSID during relief openings and removing them when it's not.

The only reason that I reference electrical DC circuits here, Winston, is because I have no way of measuring flow in this experiment. If I knew flow rates, I would be able to apply the indicated pressure and get a resistance figure. This resistance figure would be a constant. It would be a constant resistance figure at 2gpm ..it would be the same resistance figure @ 1222 gpm ..the pressure would be the variable outcome that would essentially be a product of the flow. Those who know flow dynamics to a more intimate level know that there are other influences that will alter that assertion ..but in general ..it would resemble a linear model within most circumstances.

We don't know certain things in this situation and can only figure them out from apparent data. When something doesn't add up ..you can just leave it there and ignore why it occurs ..you can make assertions with no practical explanation for them ..or you can keep digging until it's as plain as the nose on your face being hit with a baseball bat. I choose the last option.
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quote:

The problem here is that we do not know how accurate your gauges are.

True. Do you know how accurate any gauge is? How do you know?

quote:

One thing you could try is to take a reading, swap the Pin and Pout gauge, then take the reading under the same circumstances again.

I have done this...with identical results. That is, if any error or inaccuracy is in these two gauges .. it is shared equally between them. So, when comparing magnetude of readings, although the true amplitude may be in error, they should be good indicators. That is, 82 may not be truly 82 ..and 78 may not be truly 78 ..but they both say so.
 
quote:

Correct. The twist is that electrical circuits are "demand driven". You have an available current limit and an applied pressure. It's not the same "view" that we need for a hydraulic circuit like this ..where the applied pressure is a result of vaiable current through fixed resistances.

I completely dissagree. It is true that our positive displacement oil pump is equivalent to a current pump. However, that does not change the way the resister/filter will behave with increased current/flow.

quote:

I have done this...with identical results. That is, if any error or inaccuracy is in these two gauges .. it is shared equally between them. So, when comparing magnetude of readings, although the true amplitude may be in error, they should be good indicators. That is, 82 may not be truly 82 ..and 78 may not be truly 78 ..but they both say so.

Great, and I aggree. If the magnitude is off a bit it does not really matter. I still question the "precision" of the gauge. The smallest increment on the dial is 2psi. It is diffucult to read much more accurately than the nearest 1psi. So, it is difficult to be very precise with those PSID readings.

quote:

But my observations discount this to a great degree. Surely the use of a 20w-50 as opposed to a 5w-20 would have far more viscosity differences than similarities in a vast number of conditions (temps and flow rates) ..yet both produce a 3-4 psid in all modes when the peak system pressure is below the relief threshold.

I know you have the data. But, I find this impossible to believe. The PSID across the filter MUST increase with the higher viscosity fluid. However, looking at my charts of "friction loss for viscous liquids" (Cameron Hydraulic Data) I see that if you double the viscosity you only increase the resistance by about 15-20%. (for turbulent flow). Looking at viscosity data for 5W20 vs 20W50 the 20W50 is twice as viscous as the 5W20 at 100degC. So your 3-4 psid for 5W20 should increase to 3.5-4.5 for 20W50. DO you think you can read the gauges accurately enough to detect that? (no sarcasm intended).

Let me add a little more technical confusion. When doing hydraulics calculations you need to determine if the fluid is in a laminar or turbulent flow condition. When the fluid is in laminar flow (slower) the resistance to flow will double when you double the viscosity. When the fluid is in turbulent flow the resistance increases by 15-20% when the viscosity is doubled. It is impossible for me to know if the flow in the filter media is turbulent or laminar. Maybe Pete can help us out.

So, is the Guinea pig running?

[ June 02, 2005, 02:57 PM: Message edited by: Winston ]
 
quote:

Originally posted by Gary Allan:

You have to work backwards from the normal DC models. I've never seen an electrical "current pump" that you can hook up to a set of resistive loads and produce a resultant voltage.


Now you have
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They are easy to make and not all that unusual.
 
quote:

Originally posted by Winston:
When the fluid is in laminar flow (slower) the resistance to flow will double when you double the viscosity. When the fluid is in turbulent flow the resistance increases by 15-20% when the viscosity is doubled. It is impossible for me to know if the flow in the filter media is turbulent or laminar. Maybe Pete can help us out.

It looks like it should be laminar.
 
quote:

I completely dissagree. It is true that our positive displacement oil pump is equivalent to a current pump. However, that does not change the way the resister/filter will behave with increased current/flow.

Well, you can't completely disagree ..since I said the same (limited) thing here
quote:

..but in general ..it would resemble a linear model within most circumstances.

Which is does, until we open the relief.. if the same model applied when I saw 10+ PSID ..I would see elevated downstream pressure as well. The elevated PSID would normally imply MORE flow through it ..when we know, simply due the relief setting being reached ..that it is less. (just give me a flicker here, pal ..just one dim glow that you're attempting to see what I'm talking about.
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)


Although we've gone far astray in our ramblings here, Winston, keep in mind that this WHOLE LONG DEBATE is over one or two instances where the bypass valve on the filter may have been open. You took those two instances and went dancing off saying "well it opened, right?" ..ignoring the VAST majority of the surrounding evidence that indicated it didn't ..or that if it did ..it should have certainly done it outside of those confines of events. That was the whole purpose of the test. When and how often does a bypass valve on a filter open? I've run heavy weight oil, light weight oil, very cold and hot starts ..and everything in between and we've seen very little to indicate that it has anything to do with viscosity or other issues. What we're hung up on (you are, really) is that you've taken one pig's tooth and constructed a dinasauer head out of it without detailing the metholdology employed to do it.

If you've followed the many UOA debates, Winston, you may be able to draw the parallel here. You are my "Gary Allan" and I, in this instance, am 1sttruck. I can't tune into his way of thinking ..nor necessarily integrate what he's trying to tell me. I can't "get in". I'm left with disputing his assertions and putting the onus upon him to "bring me to the fountain of knowledge". This hasn't occured yet on that topic ..and it hasn't on ours as well. The unfortunate situation that you have is that I don't have the knowledge to explan, beyond conceptual clues, what I'm offering. You're entering this in a adversarial disposition (which is not a bad thing- I do it often myself to learn, "What do you mean! This is a product of this and that!" so I can hear, "Well, yes, but ....."). What I'm waiting for is someone to say "Here's why you see what you do. It's because of ......." ...and as of yet, no one has chipped in to solve the riddle.
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The guinie pig should be on the road this afternoon.
 
Seems to me the typical oil pump/bypass system behaves something like this. I didn’t label the axis because I don’t have any real data. Therefore the slopes and such may be incorrect. However, I believe the generalizations illustrated in the diagram are valid.

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The green area represents operation where all oil from the pump passes into the filter (no pump bypass). The yellow area represents the area where some of the flow from the pump bypasses and does not flow into the filter and engine. The red area represents operation where the bypass is fully open and cannot open any further. (I don’t know if operation in this red area is possible with stock engines and oil pumps in production vehicles today).

The black line represents the bypass’s initial opening pressure.

The blue line represents the bypass fully open pressure.

The left edge of the green, yellow, and red areas represents operation with cold oil and the right edge of the green and yellow areas represent operation with hot oil.

Observe that there is still considerable slope to the lines even above the black line. This is due to the non ideal nature of the oil pump bypass valve. The oil pump bypass valve isn’t an ideal on/off valve that regulates flow into the filter to precisely control the oil pressure at an exact PSI. Instead, when the oil pump is bypassing (above black line), both oil flow and pressure continues to rise until the bypass valve is fully open (blue line). At that point (if it can be reached in the design), the bypass can’t open any further and oil pressure builds at a faster rate once again.

Therefore, if one knows the exact PSI where the oil bypass valve opens on a specific engine (black line), and you have an accurate pressure gauge, you can tell when the oil pump is bypassing (though the flow into the engine is still dependent on oil viscosity). On the other hand, if you don’t know with certainty the setting of the oil pump bypass pressure valve, you may not be able to tell when the oil pump is bypassing, even if you have a real oil pressure gauge.
 
quote:

Which is does, until we open the relief.. if the same model applied when I saw 10+ PSID ..I would see elevated downstream pressure as well. The elevated PSID would normally imply MORE flow through it ..when we know, simply due the relief setting being reached ..that it is less. (just give me a flicker here, pal ..just one dim glow that you're attempting to see what I'm talking about. )

I agree with this.

As far as the purpose of your test you said that it was to determine when the bypass valve on the filter opened. Yea, well, I think we can learn other things from it too.

As far as this thread, I was using your data to discuss the flow vs filtration issue. I agree we have gotten way off topic, but let me restate my point in regards to this thread topic.

1. The resistance of the oil filter contributes to whether or not (and how much) the oil pump relief valve opens.

2. During cold startups oil flow to the engine will be increased by using a less restrictive oil filter. (this would only be true if the oil pump relief valve is open).

3. I think it is possible that synthetic media may have less restriction to cold oil than paper media.

As far as being adversarial, I know that I get that way whenever I present an argument. My wife reminds me of that daily. Now I have you reminding me too.

Brian,

I like your chart but I think the slope of the line on the left side of the yellow area should be steeper than the slope of the line on the left side of the green area.
 
quote:

I like your chart but I think the slope of the line on the left side of the yellow area should be steeper than the slope of the line on the left side of the green area.

I'm thinking you are correct. More bypassing results in less increase of flow into the filter... I'll think about it some more and try to update the chart as necessary.

Maybe the chart would be generally correct as is if the x axis was engine RPM instead?
 
Winston. I agree with everything accept #1 being "unqualified". I think that the engine, being by far the major resistive issue is the determining factor for relief opening. When that criteria is met (releif opening) THEN the filter is a more significant factor.

Adversarial debate is a proven method of learning both sides of an issue. It is a healthy peer review. What we have here is the classic Monty Python, "You low life ..lousy ..good for nothing" "WAIT A MINUTE!! I'm here for an argument!!" "..Oh, so sorry. This is abuse. Arguments are two doors down on the left." "Thank you". Except I'm getting an arguement and I'm seeking assistance in explaining undetermined events. I do sincerely thank you for your participation in these discussions
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Brian,

I'm having difficulty integrating the chart (think Gestalt therapy). This is a crippling affliction.

Your lines should extend indefinitely through the top of the chart to show linear pump output. Your yellow lines should start along Zero X and the black line (Y) ..otherwise the pump is bypassing as much flow as it is pumping to the engine (I think).

See how this works
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[ June 02, 2005, 08:18 PM: Message edited by: Gary Allan ]
 
Gary:

I wonder what would happen to all this theoretical talk if you put a filter shell with no element or by-pass onto your test engine and you took readings under that condition?

I have a hunch Winston's point 1 and 2 might become a bit clearer. And that would be that the filter element with by-pass in the scheme of things has little if any impact on the resitance to flow and the oil pump relief valve opening up.
 
I wonder what would happen to all this theoretical talk if you put a filter shell with no element or by-pass onto your test engine and you took readings under that condition?

Winstons questions, or challenges, will be answered when I use the Wix 51410 that doesn't have a bypass. If it has variable PSID ...and it only happens when the relief is open ..then AH-HA!!! IN YOUR FACE, WINSTON!!!!
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(visions of Jim Carey in Liar Liar, "Jordon fades back! Swoosh! And that's the ball game!!")(j/k)
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It will either be that ..or one of the VW spec'd filters with a 30 lb bypass setting. If I never hit 30 lb ..then it pretty much spells it out.

..but that won't happen until next winter ..or perhaps the fall. The only time I'm in bypass is with heavy weight oil under cold/cool conditions. I'm not going to see that for a while.
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Gary, your chart reminds me of a Mondrian painting. It does not remind me of oil flow in an engine.

Can't wait for the new filter data. We will learn more stuff
 
I missed this
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quote:

quote:Originally posted by Gary Allan:

You have to work backwards from the normal DC models. I've never seen an electrical "current pump" that you can hook up to a set of resistive loads and produce a resultant voltage.

Now you have
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They are easy to make and not all that unusual.

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I knew you would pull something out of your bag of tricks.
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I still cannot reason this so it works. My intellectual degradation is getting the better of me. My mental tenticles that used to be able to bend around corners and find all the hidden stuff that I needed to know just aren't as long ..nor as flexible as they once were.


I think, as I said in my last post, that I can put the matter to rest to my satisfaction with alternate means.
 
Gary, given sufficient interest you could dig into op-amp design and see some examples.

TIG welders do a pretty good approximation of a constant current source too.

I presently accept it on faith, although at one time I could have cobbled one up around an op-amp without refering to a book. Being a mechanical type, that part of my mind has since evaporated.

Given your interest in measuring and understanding things, you might dig into basic op amp design. It could help you match sensors to readily available meters in your quest for knowledge. All you need it a basic knowledge of DC electricity and the willingness to read a bit and endure some minor thinking induced headaches. The availability of decent solid state multi-meters from Harbor Freight for $4 on sale makes that more a quest for knowledge than a necessity these days.
 
Is it possible that a different approach to these questions might be appropriate? For example, rather than worrying about whether a filter and/or oil pump system allows quick flow to critical areas of the engine when the engine is cold, why not seek oils which do, in fact, leave a lubricating film/residue on the engine's internal surfaces when the engine is shut off, so that wear is diminished at the point of cold engine ignition?

Different companies are touting that they have such formulations. Are their claims true? If so, the clacking/clicking may be a moot point if the respective oils' films are cushioning the potential wear.

I think Castrol GC may leave this kind of film on engine surfaces. Others may do so also, (Castrol is claiming their European Magnatec version does, as well as their U.S. version called "Start Up"), which, again if true, all of this talk about clicking and clacking may be "much ado about nothing".*
(*Will S. has always been centuries ahead of his time
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).

Our personal charge, then, would be to find the oils/additive pkgs. which actually leave a lubricating film on the engine surfaces when the engine is shut down -- and, with respect to cold start ups, we can then quit worrying about what filter(s) we are using.
 
quote:

Gary, given sufficient interest you could dig into op-amp design and see some examples.

The last time op amps came up (maybe a couple of years ago) you stirred some thoughs in my head. I was still in TTL "back in the day" ..but remembered how relatively simple a op amp was in the LSI chips (the
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of the first mention of "virtual ground"). I just had not thought about anything to the component level for 25+ years. It's pretty much a lost art. My last project was a receiver to pirate HBO microwave that was broadcast out of Phila before cable was more developed. There you had to tune homemade coil inductors with a non-conductive blade until you got the right frequency on the oscilliscope. This was, naturally, at a more risque time in my life
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(again, about 25 years ago) Most of my experience was in configuring and calibrating industrial stuff with my work. Not rocket science ..but they paid me well to do it.
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But sharpening and updating those atrophied skills would provide some inexpensive mental exercize.
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For those interested, the guinie pig is down for another few days. I noted corrision on the back head where it meets the block ..so I have a external head gasket leak. I didn't want to pull the heads for fear of finding valves that needed doing ..and I really didn't want to run the tab up with outside machine work. My buddie (my racer wrench pal) offered to do the valves if needed ..so I'm pulling both heads and checking them out. The tab is getting up there. This was what I more or less feared. A "errr..while you're there" type escalation in costs. It's not so much a matter of being cheap (yes, I'm cheap. So?) ..but if not for some favors, I'd be quickly approaching the halfway point to a deluxe long block. The engine isn't even tired yet ..but suffers from complications.

I will get to snap some shots of my combustion chambers and pistons ..as well as seeing how good Auto-Rx did. We'll see if mega doses of MMO and ATF in the fuel cleaned the combustion chambers ..or if they look like crap.
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So ..maybe the middle of next week I'll be back to seeing how 5w-20 burns up in this thing.
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