quote: Originally posted by Matt_S: I don't see how there could be cross contamination, though.
You don't worry about it happening when sink drains back up or when you're running a load of dishes, so if the drain backs up, you just wind up with a sink full of dirty water, right?
Think about what might happen if your sink sprayer were sitting in that sink full of dirty water, and it had a slight leak in it, and something happened such (maybe a loss of pressure in the water main) that it started sucking dirty water OUT of the sink and back into the potable water system.
Something very similar to that could happen with a dishwasher under the right conditions. The air gap is to prevent any backflow of wastewaster into the dishwasher for the reason of preventing cross-contamination. They're also helpful for preventing a sink full of water from draining through your dishwasher instead of the drain if the drain happens to be clogged..
quote: Originally posted by Matt_S: Those things are against code now in my city. They used to be quite popular, though. Now, the drain line must run directly to the drain pipe or disposer.