76 was their fist year.
I'm sorry, I stand corrected - you could get the 305 in vehicles in '76 - I thought it was more or less 'designed' for the newly downsized 1977 Impala.
Yes, it was available in 1976, and it was created to replace the gap left when the 307 left the line-up after 1973. In 1976 it was available in cars including the Monza, Nova, Camaro, and Chevelle. It only became available in fullsize cars in 1977 (the 1976’s were too big for a 305).
As Overkill stated, the 305 was a poor performance engine because of the bore/stroke ratio. Stock for stock the 305 had similar power levels to the 302's, but there is no way a 305 can keep up with a 302 once mods are thrown at it. That is because this engine was developed in the mid-70's when the primary concerns were emissions and fuel economy. During this era as simple solution to this was to use a small bore and long stoke This was the opposite of the "performance" oriented short stroke engines that had been coming into play since the late 40's with the first OHV V8's.
The 302 on the otherhand was developed in the late 1960's when emissions were and fuel economy were lesser concern's and performance was still popular.
That said, we've had nothing but good luck with the 305's we've owned and same goes for 350's. We've also had good luck with 302's except for the one in our '79 Fairmont, but that car was a lemon (but I won’t chastise all 302’s). All three would make my list for durability.
Bore/Stroke ratios have nothing to do with anything outside of racing engines operating above 6000 RPM. Pretty much every engine sold in N. America between 1975 to 1984 was a turd based on its fuel economy, power and torque numbers and they really were not all that clean either by todays standards.
The 305 suffers from being an engine not really offered outside this era. 350 blocks can be had for as little as $100. At 1 hp per CI this is the best hp mod in the world when rebuilding an engine, so nobody builds them and that is why the 305 is regarded as a dog.
Magazines that have bothered to do street performance builds on 305s always prove that the 305 can obtain the same hp/ci ratios as 350s.