You’re an engineer, with a PhD, and understand batteries better than anyone.
Was my BTU to watts to amps math correct?
TBH I hadn’t even read through that far in the thread when replying.
My first gut reaction is that charge control, and use of the battery, and provision of the power for a range of things is done differently.
It’s not uncommon for the HAH battery to be maintained at 12.5V in use (less than 100% SOC), and sit at 11.9-12V after parked a while.
My point was that it isn’t reliant on the battery the same way. Sitting at low SOCs is damaging to a lead acid battery, but not to a Li-ion. In fact, it’s favorable for the Li-ion.
Regarding math, the battery is either charged or it isn’t. My HAH has a group 51 battery. Call it 55Ah. And let’s say it sits between 0% SOC and 95% SOC every single trip. That’s about 650Wh.
How much fuel does it take to make 650Wh? Well, the inverter is probably 97% efficient, the motor and drive is probably 95% efficient, and the engine is about 30% efficient at best. So that’s the math.
How much does it take to charge/maintain a typical LA battery in normal use?
If it is fully charged, then I’d call it <0.5A. If not, see above.
Note that the Li-ion requires zero, it can sit at any SOC it desires. It will charge slightly more efficiently, but it will take about the same Wh overall to fully charge from zero to full. But there could be a scenario where the HAH maintains at 12.5, the Li-ion couldn’t care less, maybe the charge control doesn’t even invoke a charge, while the lead acid would absorb. I don’t know. But it’s Wh…
The sustained load on most cars is dozens of amps to run things like fuel pump, ECU, injectors, blower motors, headlights, and infotainment, with momentary loads like windows, ABS module, perhaps, brake lights.
All of that is handled by the hybrid battery and motor generator. The 12v battery may clean up power quality a bit. Not much else.
For the 12V system, not the hybrid system, I just don’t see how a battery chemistry change makes much of a difference - the 12V system is there to start the engine, and provide some capacity for momentary surge load like window operation, brake lights, whatever, while the alternator sustains the steady state loads.
I tend to agree. Unless the car is short tripped and the parasitical are high enough that it does a real number on the lead acid, but less of one on the Li-ion. We do see that sometimes. But it’s going to be a difference of watt-hours, not massive, IMO.
I just don’t see how you can gain a reduction of 250 amps load to explain the fuel efficiency increase when we are not changing the load on that alternator, and that load is created by running accessories.
I’m not either. At least not at the level that is being claimed. We know “smart” alternator charging is a thing, and can offer incremental mpg benefit. But that’s fractions of a MPG, not huge amounts, IMO.
And the batteries are small. The Li-ion will be half the weight. But half of a small amount is a small amount.
So it doesn’t add up, IMO.