The only thing I can think of is cross threaded oil filter, or loose drain plug. I use to work at a Toyota/Lexus Dealer.
And if we messed up an engine, we made it right. By whatever it took. One time we had a guy come in with a 1992 Camry for a valve job with 350k. Everything was done correctly. On the road test the block threw a rod through the pan. (No oil light, no noise, it just happened) We took care of the guys bill and replaced the engine assy with a used one that had 65k. He was happy.
You should have no problem getting them to replace the engine assy for you, if it happened in 15 miles after the change.
Especially if there was no oil in the engine.
If they give you a hard time, call the local Toyota rep.
He'll make sure it gets done.
On a side note these engines are super strong, and we normally don't do this, so please don't go off on how you can never trust a dealer. We only did this b/c (1) we were replacing the Entire engine, and were going to junk the other, (2) we also wanted to test the strength of the 1MZ-FE, & (3) It was a saturday and it we had no work.
One saturday we had a RX like yours scheduled for an engine replacement due to sludge. We had a COMPLETE Assy for it.
So we drained the oil, fired it up, and tried to blow it up.
We ran it at 5000 Rpm for 40 min, with no oil. And it still didn't blow. It knocked like a mother, but it didn't blow.
It had been knocking for a while prior to us bring it in the bay.
After we dropped the pan, we found that the oil pickup screen was completely clogged with sludge.
My point in mentioning this story is that these engines are very strong.
Anyway, I hope that the dealer does the right thing and replaces the engine for you. If they give you a hard time, call the rep.
And let us know what happens.
Justin