I think the only real value to this dissertation on filters is the construction aspect of them. We have the "look" of each filter's construction to base our opinion on. In reality this tells us very little about the performance of each design. While I'm not a big Fram fan, it seemed to come in last in this little contest, yet millions upon millions of them have been using on cars and actual documented complaints or failures have been minimal, probably no higher than any of the rest of the group. Also, I don't think there's any correlation between "seeing more pleats in a Pure One" and concluding that it probably "has flow restriction problems". On what are those, (para phrased) conclusions based? More porus media, and less area equals more area and less porus media in my world???