The test is the same protocol for manuals and automatics. As mentioned earlier, those 9 speed automatics will do better than a 5 speed. I have a 5 speed automatic in my 2008 Mercedes E350 and a 7 speed automatic in my 2011 E350.
Ask the car designers about the flawed testing regimen on a manual. The EPA tests being flawed for a manual transmission is a long standing well known problem. You can read the gritty details of why on ecomodder.
I have never encountered a car old or new that got better fuel economy in the real world as an automatic vrs the manual trim version of the same car.
Automatic transmission cars gaming the test is real as the auto maker chooses the cars behavior and shift points in testing conditions , a manual can’t game the test because the shift points and throttle percentage are both unrealistic and fixed in the testing regimen .
The difference between a manual and automatic becomes even more dramatically different in cold weather. The newest car I can compare manual to auto a 2018 cruise auto gets half the fuel economy on identical winter local city trips despite being the same car.
I encountered this years ago having driven both a manual and automatic Cobalt on my way into work, the automatic car couldn’t break 20mpg no matter what I did while the manual could easily get high 30’s low 40’s In the same weather going on the same trip the same distance, and usually the manual could be driven much more aggressively at higher speeds and still get much better economy.
I'd be willing to bet that the EPA's procedure is documented. Shift at a given speed or RPM for all models ? Really doubt that is the case....