8 & 9 speed transmissions

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Originally Posted By: KrisZ
I've driven in a CVT equipped... 1945 crop combine
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it was much cruder than whatever is used these days, but the principle is the same.

That's why I smile when someone claims that CVT's are the latest and greatest technology and everything else is just stone age. So while the technology is new to automotive world, it's old news everywhere else.



Well then, I suppose you should be similarly scoffing at overhead cam engine designs -- which actually predated what are now viewed as "antique" pushrod designs. . .

By indulging in this smugness, you miss the point entirely, on several levels. CVTs aren't even new to the car world. Back in the late 60s to early 70s, my Dad did several "research assignments" over in Europe. We would routinely spend stretches of time staying with a Dutch family who were friends. They had a small car, a DAF IIRC, it was old then, and it had a CVT. Of course, it was a tiny, wheezing little box that seemed allergic to acceleration -- even as an eleven year-old, I sensed its repulsiveness. So yes, wherever they are installed, CVTs have come a long way.

Second, it's no big deal at all that variations of the CVT have been present in smaller, low-power apps for decades. The concept is old, and relatively easy to implement in lower power, lower torque applications.

Moving to the present, it is a real credit to today's engineers that they have the concept working well bolted to engines vastly more powerful than those of cars of yesteryear, or those found in snowmobiles or whathaveyou. My hat is off especially to Nissan and JATCO for making the concept work when paired off with the gutsy VQ series V-6s.

As for the Toyota/Lex hybrids, keep in mind that this is a totally different design. An absolute purist will deny that the HSD cars have CVTs at all. They would argue that conceptually, it's actually a one speed "automatic" in which that one speed has the ability to vary its ratio infinitely. All it is is a very simply planetary gear set to which the motor-generators and engine are linked in such a way that they all "cooperate" in a productive fashion. EDIT: but at the end of the day, it drives like a very well refined CVT.

But yeah, smile smugly all you want, the end result is that both the Camry hybrid and Prius deliver smoother, shift-free power delivery as compared to even a high-end stepped automatic, like our Avalon, for example. I don't care if the CVT originally dates back to the ancient Egyptians -- as installed in the HSD cars, and others, it works better than ANY multi-speed auto I've ever driven. That would include 3, 4, 5, and 6 speed variations.
 
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Originally Posted By: Nick R
I personally despise CVT transmissions. Iirc, every 2 forward gears means another planetary gearset. While I have confidence the automakers can make them fairly problem free, that is still alot of bands and brakes and clutches and gears.


Nick: seriously, have you ever driven one, or looked at a diagram showing how they're put together???? The only CVT that I know of that actually uses a PGS is the trans in the Toyota/Lex hybrids, and I assure you that there's only one in there -- that's all that's needed to confer the infinitely variable, shiftless power delivery. The others are not using a PGS design at all (cones, pulleys, belts, chains, etc.).

As for mechanical complexity, speaking only for the Toyota/Lex design, I must point out that the trans in those cars has about a dozen moving parts, and never declutches the engine from the wheels (actually, there is one clutching mechanism that is designed to buffer the starting of the gas engine in situations where there might be some harshness in its engagement; but it's not "mechanically necessary,"); and the motor-generators are always connected to the wheels. It's an amazingly simple design, especially compared to a contemporary multi-speed auto.
 
Originally Posted By: d00df00d
Originally Posted By: SteveSRT8
ZF is the supplier of the 8 speed auto box for BMW and many other high end cars. It even has the adaptability to be used in hybrid powertrains.

What about a transmission makes it adaptable to hybrids? Just wondering. I would have thought a transmission wouldn't really care what it's connected to.


For better or worse, the "power generation" ability in the Toyota/Lex hybrids is part of the transmission. The trans itself is a very simple planetary gear set. The small motor-generator is hooked directly to the center shaft (sun gear) of the PGS. The gas engine is hard geared to the carrier ring that supports the planet gears. The large MG is linked to the outer ring, which is also linked directly to the drive wheels. This system allows for this seeming mechanical paradox: the gas engine can be idling, AND linked to the drive wheels, with no declutching, with the car at a dead stop. In this condition, the outer ring remains stationary, while the ring carrying the planet gears spins, and the planet gears spin the sun gear (center shaft), which in turn operates as a generator, saving that power as electricity for later use. BTW, these cars have neither alternators, nor starters -- the small MG attached to the sun gear performs those functions integrally.
 
Originally Posted By: JOD
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Honestly, with 9 speed transmissions, I have to think they're going to almost starting feeling like CVT's since they're going to be shifting so often.


You've walked into the teeth of the stepped-auto vs. CVT paradox. The more speeds a stepped auto has, the closer it is to a CVT in its ability to keep the engine at ideal rpm/load for whatever the driver is demanding. By contrast, the more speeds that stepped-auto has, the less like a CVT is it because it will be shifting all that much more frequently, whereas the CVT NEVER ever has to shift.

So what comes next -- a 20-speed auto? A 200-spd auto? Don't you all see where this leads? Like them or not now, a CVT shines by keeping the engine rpms at THE optimum level in response to what the driver wants to do, unfettered by fixed gear ratios. It may take you manual or stepped-auto guys some time to adjust, but once you realize what these transmissions are actually doing, you'll come to love them as I have.
 
Originally Posted By: Kestas
That transmission would get one heck of a workout on roads like Woodward or Telegraph, where people drive 55 mph and there's lights every half mile.


That's THE perfect scenario for a CVT hybrid...
 
I posit that if we had always had CVT's as the standard and then someone came out with a gears, the vast majority would be saying "what's with this shifting jerking godawful transmission? who would ever want that?"
 
Indy, I concur with you. I have similar set-up/experience as you. 14 yr old Neon with a modified 3-spd, daily driven for me back and forth to work @ 72 miles round trip. I can manually shift and keep it in the optimum rpm band or I can just allow the auto to shift. I find it spirited enough and even driving in that manner I still get 35-37mpg. I appreciate the 3-spd torqueflites simple, easy to maintain design. I decided to keep my 3-spd instead of swapping for a 5-spd and rowing home back and forth every day.

Originally Posted By: IndyIan
For all the 3 speed auto's limitations it seems to do the job just fine in my Neon. It's 16 years old, has 140K miles, has run a few dozen autocross events and a full track day, shifted from D to N to D at 50mph 20 times everyday, and chirps the tires on the 1-2 shift on the on ramp everyday going to work.
Somehow I don't see alot of the transmissions built today lasting as long, but I could be wrong.
 
ekpolk, I think you missed my post where I said that I would probably prefer a CVT over a 9 speed automatic.
I’ve never driven a CVT equipped car, that's why I refrain from either bashing or praising the thing.

But I did find your comment "...light years ahead..." amusing, that's all. Perhaps you meant to put in the context of operation and not technological advancement.
 
Originally Posted By: KrisZ
ekpolk, I think you missed my post where I said that I would probably prefer a CVT over a 9 speed automatic.
I’ve never driven a CVT equipped car, that's why I refrain from either bashing or praising the thing.

But I did find your comment "...light years ahead..." amusing, that's all. Perhaps you meant to put in the context of operation and not technological advancement.

Fair enough. Yes, I find the behavior of the transmission to be light years ahead of that of a typical multi-speed auto. Having gotten used to the CVT effect, every time I drive a multi-speed car (usually my wife's Avalon or a rental), I find myself immediately thinking, "how crude".
 
Yes, I've driven a CVT car. Two, in fact. One was a Dodge Caliber, the other was a Nissan Altima 4 banger. Hated it. WOT is just... Obnoxious holding at redline. No, give me a traditional automatic anyday please.
 
I have heard from friends with CVT trannys.
It appears that they are great when driving average civilian duties.
They could be outstanding for power and economy, but somehow I doubt they are optimized for power from the factory. I don't know what their strategy is.
 
Originally Posted By: mechtech2
I have heard from friends with CVT trannys.
It appears that they are great when driving average civilian duties.
They could be outstanding for power and economy, but somehow I doubt they are optimized for power from the factory. I don't know what their strategy is.


Like all mechanical devices, CVTs also have their compromises. On the other hand, given that the engineers are not constrained by designing around a very small set of fixed ratios, CVTs will do a better job of responding flexibly to whatever the driver wants at the moment -- power or performance.
 
The only CVT we've ever had was a Murano. It actually was cool once you got used to it.

I would be very concerned about most CVT longevity. Unless you keep it hooked up to a miniscule engine it seems they can be easily damaged. Wear can also be an issue.

LOTS of torque management in the higher power applications.
 
I've driven some CVT rentals and I didn't really care for them. Worst was a Jeep Patriot that I rented back in January of 09. It felt so spongy when accelerating.

My car has a 4 speed auto with a gated steptronic mode, a cheap Kia, go figure. I use it all the time to bump down a gear if the transmission isn't doing what I want it to. I just bang it right and down to adjust powertrain attitude.

I do wish it had another gear, the V6 has a 5 speed auto and my 4cyl has a 4 speed auto. It feels like it's missing a gear compared to the V6. But 9 gears would be ridiculous.
 
If you guys think 8 or 9 speed transmissions is ridiculous, wait a few years you will see the introduction of a DOZEN speed transmission from one of the Asian companies.
 
Originally Posted By: HTSS_TR
If you guys think 8 or 9 speed transmissions is ridiculous, wait a few years you will see the introduction of a DOZEN speed transmission from one of the Asian companies.


Nah, at some point engineering reality will kick in and they'll just jump right to the CVT -- which is effectively the zillion billion speed auto. Yes it's true -- I sucked at calculus. Somewhere in this issue, we're going to find our old friend -- dy/dx...
 
Good topic.

reminds me of this Clarkson test of an 8 speed lexus. The lexus tranny part is just a blurb at 6:04 into the video but it's funny how he describes it hunting for gears.
 
Originally Posted By: ekpolk
Originally Posted By: JOD
...

Honestly, with 9 speed transmissions, I have to think they're going to almost starting feeling like CVT's since they're going to be shifting so often.


You've walked into the teeth of the stepped-auto vs. CVT paradox. The more speeds a stepped auto has, the closer it is to a CVT in its ability to keep the engine at ideal rpm/load for whatever the driver is demanding. By contrast, the more speeds that stepped-auto has, the less like a CVT is it because it will be shifting all that much more frequently, whereas the CVT NEVER ever has to shift.

So what comes next -- a 20-speed auto? A 200-spd auto? Don't you all see where this leads? Like them or not now, a CVT shines by keeping the engine rpms at THE optimum level in response to what the driver wants to do, unfettered by fixed gear ratios. It may take you manual or stepped-auto guys some time to adjust, but once you realize what these transmissions are actually doing, you'll come to love them as I have.


Hey, no need to convince me. I have the ZF-Ford CVT in my car and to be honest, I really wouldn't want to go back to a conventional automatic.

It seems that most people who don't like them are (with a few exceptions) those who have driven them sparingly...often times people writing reviews for auto magazines...
 
I seriously wish I had another gear between 1st and 2nd in my Buick with the 4 speed auto 4T65E. When slowing down to make a right turn on green light at an intersection, the car has to be practically at a stand still for before it will shift down to 1st, which means that most of the time it will be in 2nd gear after the turn and continue to be in 2nd gear during the acceleration back up to 40 MPH. 2nd gear is too tall in that situation and kills the acceleration.
 
I'd be totally satisfied with a good 5 speed AT. I can see all these gears on a big rig that actually produces a lot of torque, and needs and benefits from them. I can't imagine a 9 speed AT on mountain roads constantly upshifting and downshifting. OTOH I've never driven one so I really shouldn't comment.

IMO more gears in an automatic means more things to go wrong, and higher repair costs once out of warranty.
If these ZF transmissions are anything like the ZF tranny my son had in his BMW, no thanks. Major well known problems with reverse, and $7,000 for BMW to overhaul it. BTW I think that was a 4 speed AT, I could only imagine what they'd want to redo an 8 or 9 speed.
 
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