Regarding "turbo longevity," as the OP mentioned, I believe lower viscosity oil would be better for quicker startup pressure to the turbo bearing and improved flow and cooling under load.
For components that operate on a pressurized hydrodynamic film, such as engine bearings, I would assume a 20 grade oil is suitable for long-term wear protection, and a 30-grade may not offer any additional benefit. For parts with sliding contact, like cams and the valvetrain, a thicker oil probably provides more protection. However, thicker oil can also lead to increased windage and friction losses, which raise localized and sump temperatures. Depending on the application, these temperature rises might not be acceptable. For example, during towing in Death Valley, Honda enforces very strict thermal limits for components and fluids during testing.