What exactly will happen if the cooler flow is restricted?
Wow , very tough question to respond without oil flow circuit diagram and operating parameters ....... never mind .
Referencing your proposed setup , in the unusual and unlikely event of the external filter element in question is being severely and completely blocked raising (external) filter supply pressure higher and higher continuously ..... until or related to :
a )Filter (external) bypass pressure valve is not provided , (or adequately seized/jammed if provided) ; AND
b )Abnormal severe oil seal leakages or oil circuit joints within Transmission/Torque Converter assemblies , upstream of restriction point; or
Note :These seals are designed for working pressures up to 2 thousand psi , whilst transmission mainline pressure is typically 50 - 80ish psi . Go figure .
c )Abnormal drop in oil supply pressure ahead of restriction point (filter) due to malfunctioning of ;
1 )pump or ;
2 )pump outlet relief valve (typically provided ) i.e spring within is completely broken up into pieces or ;
3 )transmission system/mainline pressure relief valve (typically provided or built in ) i.e spring within is completely broken up into pieces .
Let‘s say the cooler circuit is completely plugged and no fluid could get through it. Is there some type of bypass valve in the transmission to allow fluid to bypass the cooler if it’s restricted
Pressure controlled bypass valve after Torque Converter outlet ?? ...... typically
NO as there isn't supposed to exist a 'filter' downstream ;
Note
:Temperature controlled bypass valve after Torque Converter outlet ,which has no role in our scope of discussion ??? .......
may or may not be present .
Having said this however, upstream of Torque Converter assembly or converter
INLET , there are two separate pressure controlled relief/bypass valve typically provided , namely :
a )Pump outlet pressure relief valve ; and
b )Transmission mainline/system pressure relief valve in between Torque Converter Inlet and Pump relief valve .
or will the fluid just sit in the converter and burn?
No.
When restricted , upstream pressure in torque converter or transmission will keep rising continuously until such scenarios where gear train/converter seals or circuit joints eventually breaks and leaks , under normal/abnormal pump supply pressure .
I know that excessive restriction can cause high pressure in the converter, forcing it into the crankshaft and ruining the thrust bearings. I have heard of cases of repeat thrust bearing failure from a restricted cooler or lines for that reason, but I heard that some transmissions have built in bypass valves to prevent this. Thanks
Yes .