Ah, the infamous cam synchronizer.
Never a problem on our 3.0, but a known isuue with those versions of the engine where this piece replaced the distributor IIRC. As I noted above, I never touched the one in the Aerostar, and they would supposedly give plenty of noisy warning before they failed.
Still, a cheap and easily replaced part before it breaks, while a potential disaster for the engine if it does.
Now, wrt the oil filter in question:
Hundreds of thousands of cars are run on junk quick lube oil filters for 150+ or more, so I doubt that a short run on what is probably a filter with a bad ADBV would be any real problem, especially during the warmer months.