What, then, are they for?
Doesn't seem much point in publishing the numbers if they have no meaning.
They are for shipping of dangerous goods regulations. Basically, no one in enforcement or emergency response cares if an oil is all Group I, II, or III, given that the emergency response to a fire or spill with such products is the same. Mislabel a shipment of PYB as a compressed gas or an oxidizer, there will be a problem if you get checked. If a shipment of Red Line is labeled as pure Group I base stock, hardly anyone will notice and fewer will care.
Overkill: I did dangerous goods inspections some years back. The wording of the regulations as you point out is stricter than what would actually be enforced in practice. Generally, the oil companies tend to be cautious, but trying to hammer Imperial Oil for shipping an M1 variant with 30% PAO when the sheet gave a range of 1-5% would be problematic, to say the least.