It's not complicated in terms of explanation. All those tests done are targeted. It's very specific. How the tests are performed, and how the results are interpreted within the context of an engine's design envelope, is where it gets complicated.
Because that part is so complicated is the reason I say stay within the manufacturer's recommendations. They've done all the work for you. Take advantage of it. The creative energy and research can go into selecting within the specs.
I'll try to frame it from the perspective of many here - Porsche and Euro oils. 2.0T Macan specs C20. Why not A40 if it protects better? Do you know because I don't. I do know that they know