I've seen the surgery done where the surgeon ties the parts together with a super strong surgical string that is threaded through hole placed in the bones. Special metal ends are use on the string. The surgeon gets exposed to scatter radiation from the fluoroscope or multiple shots of X-Ray every time they perform an operation like that. After years of practice the exposure they receive is much more than what the patient receives even when considering the additional X-Rays, the patient normally receives. That is a hidden burden surgeons have to put up with that in general is not talked about, and another reason to have respect for anyone who works in that field.