The objectives of this study are to (1) characterize properties of lubricating oil using advanced polymer chromatography (APC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC); (2) investigate the effect of Cu and Fe on thermocatalytic oxidation of lubricating oil under different temperatures (200, 230, 250 and 300 °C; (3) determine the molecular mechanism of lubricating oil and Cu/Fe under high-temperature. This study highlights the mechanism of thermocatalytic oxidation of aviation lubricating oil at high temperature in the presence of metal catalysts.