Yes well having owned them for well over 20 yrs as well having conversations with owners worldwide during this time it can be difficult to quickly recall the specifics for models in various markets.
I always was curious how long the folks in Europe keep theirs car. Based on my experience with the German car market, many people over there keep their cars from new for 4-5 years and get rid of them/trade in after 100k km(60 k miles) which is peanuts for the long term ownership. Then those cars are sold to other countries like Eastern Europe and Asia. So for 100k, 20K OCI won’t be any noticeable impact for the first owner, only the benefit of the low cost maintenance, the second one will get all “the fun” of the prolonged OCIs. But the labor cost in those countries is much lower, so an engine rebuild is a reasonable option.
Numerous vehicles in Europe, a huge majority, end up in east Europe and then from there to Africa or directly to Africa from the first countries.
Google search "Shaken Japanese car inspection" for more details. The Japanese car manufacturers must have good relations with the government to give them that sort of support.
Average age in Germany I think is 10-12yrs. Inspections in many European countries is every year. I was working before moving here on setting up system of inspections in one European country and they utilize video surveillance. Each inspected vehicle has video file attached. It is far, far more rigorous than anything here. But, there is also culture there of maintenance and taking care of vehicles. Vehicle in Europe is far less of an appliance than here. It is more of an serious investment.To support the domestic car market in Japan, they have had a law for decades that requires a deep inspection at year three, then every two years after that. Anything out of compliance must be replaced. Cracked windshield, cracked headlight, frayed seatbelt, tires too old, ...Must be replaced, or car is pulled off the road. So everyone trades them in, and the cars end up in Vietnam, and every other SE Asian country....or they get parted out and sent off to the rest of the world. It explains the plethora of low mileage crate engines from Japan that were so plentiful in the 1980s and 1990s. (cars don't accumulate many miles in Japan because the country is so small and congested).
what the climate has to do with OCI?
Oxidation, moisture etc. Same as dust etc. has to do with OCI.
depends where you live in EU, since countys in EU have different laws/regulations. For example Finland have one of the oldest car parks in EU. Bmw/MB diesel engines with 400k or over 500k km are common here.
thats a blank statement..thats minimal differences they have nothing to do with specifying each countrie's OCI.
OK, if you say so.
in sweden they love their volvos but bmws are very loved too.
yes, that's true
