Base oil, additives such as Calcium are detergents but they don't clean dirt and sludge that is already there, they just prevent the formation of new deposits.
Oils with a high ester content are well known to be good at cleaning, and actually also Group 1 conventional oils, Group 1 is at the same time the "dirtiest" type of base oil, but also it has pretty good solvency compared to something like a Group III HC oil or PAO, because they have a large amount of Aromatics compared to other bases, PAO or GTL are the "cleanest" base oils, but really don't have all that much solvent power.
Hope that makes sense