Warm/Hot climate- tighten the viscosity spread?

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Originally Posted By: edhackett

The increased wear at low cylinder temperatures is primarily corrosive wear. At temperatures below 90C the acidic combustion products condense on the cylinder walls, increasing bore and ring wear.

Ed


I don't buy that. It's the oil viscosity causing the problem. The cylinder walls are at a higher temp than the coolant.

After all if the oil is properly coating the cylinder how can you have corrosion. Have you thought this through?
 
Originally Posted By: edhackett
Originally Posted By: Ducman

I think the start up wear component, is much, much more influenced by the lower coolant temp than the oil grade.

Perhaps a study like the original Ford one would be good to have access to.
With a focus on finding out the relative bore wear rates due to different oil viscosities with a typical modern thermostat.


The increased wear at low cylinder temperatures is primarily corrosive wear. At temperatures below 90C the acidic combustion products condense on the cylinder walls, increasing bore and ring wear.

Ed


Fascinating. Can overbasing additives alleviate that effect, more effectively in the future?

Originally Posted By: turtlevette
Have you thought this through?



you best be trollin'
 
Originally Posted By: edhackett
Originally Posted By: Ducman

I think the start up wear component, is much, much more influenced by the lower coolant temp than the oil grade.

Perhaps a study like the original Ford one would be good to have access to.
With a focus on finding out the relative bore wear rates due to different oil viscosities with a typical modern thermostat.


The increased wear at low cylinder temperatures is primarily corrosive wear. At temperatures below 90C the acidic combustion products condense on the cylinder walls, increasing bore and ring wear.

Ed


Thanks.
That makes sense.
 
Originally Posted By: turtlevette
What's going to happen when the automakers start stamping the oil caps with 0W-20?

Ya'll gonna believe it then?

Oh yea, That's right. It's a goberment conspiracy.






I accept that's where it looks like it's heading in the not too distant future.

However I firmly believe it's not a product of a Government conspiracy.
It's a product of Government policy.
Whether it be right or wrong.

It's the US government CAFE policy, that's been the biggest driving force behind the move toward thinner oils.
I think if it wasn't for CAFE we wouldn't be having this discussion.
These thinner modern oils wouldn't be a commercial reality, if the car manufacturers weren't needing to go with thinner oils to meet the regulations.
It's driving the car manufacturers to improve engine designs that work best with, and have greater durability with these new oils.

I think as engines trend downward in capacity, thinner oils will become increasingly relevant out of necessity.
 
Originally Posted By: turtlevette
Originally Posted By: edhackett

The increased wear at low cylinder temperatures is primarily corrosive wear. At temperatures below 90C the acidic combustion products condense on the cylinder walls, increasing bore and ring wear.

Ed


I don't buy that. It's the oil viscosity causing the problem. The cylinder walls are at a higher temp than the coolant.

After all if the oil is properly coating the cylinder how can you have corrosion. Have you thought this through?



Is that so?

We have a 1999 Ford 5.4 in an F250 used for towing. It has received bulk 15w40 its whole life and currently has close to 200k without any oil use in a 5k oci. Summer and winter that all it has ran. On the other side my 2000 f150 has seen mainly 5w30/5w20 its whole life and runs just as well at 140k.

Surely using that horrible 15w40 should have the cylinder walls in the f250 wore the size of a watermelon by now right?
 
Originally Posted By: Ducman
Originally Posted By: SteveSRT8
There was a significant study done by Ford that showed ring wear went up as cylinder wall temp went down. In my limited recall there was ZERO mention of oil in any way as a factor. Logically there is some sort of effect from viscosity but it should be obvious that thick oil doesn't automatically kill engines.

Also, those extrapolating from the Ford data should be cautious as it was in the 60's when oils were just a bit different. With today's oils it may not mean much at all...


I remember that study. It related specifically to bore wear.
From memory, the most significant thing I took away from it was the temp range where the most bore wear occurred.
They found that bore wear increased significantly if the engines were fitted with a 180 F thermostat, and coolant temps were within the normal operating range for that value thermostat.

There was a reduction in wear rates as the temps went up from there according to the value of the thermostat.
Basically I think the wear rates were better for a 192 F thermostat.
And better again for a 198 F thermostat, which was sort of typical for our engines of the day.

I think it could be a given that with the improved oils we have today, that the result would still be the same.
Maybe with a small reduction of the overall wear rates.


My thoughts exactly. With improvements in metallurgy, assembly, oils, etc., it may make the difference a bit less than was indicated.

And I am almost certain that this was NOT related to acidic corrosion at all, simply a wear versus temp relationship...
 
Originally Posted By: Ducman

I think as engines trend downward in capacity, thinner oils will become increasingly relevant out of necessity.


The jury is still out on that one. Downsized engines live their lives at very high average load factors, and require protection of a thicker oil film.
 
Here's one of may references concerning corrosive wear and the effect of temperature. It has the most complete list of sources of the acids that I could quickly find. They did leave out nitric acid though. That's a minor, although not insignificant contributor. It will be more of a contributor with lean burn and the higher combustion temperatures that are needed for efficiency.

The TBN of the oil does reduce the cylinder wear but it is not 100% effective. Corrosion will be greater until you get the cylinder temperature above the condensation point of the various acidic byproducts. This is a large part of "startup" wear, not inadequate lubrication.

The liquid acid oxidation products are the main source using unleaded, low sulfur fuel. Since turtlevette is so fond of ethanol, I'll use it as an example. Ethanol is one oxygen atom from ethanoic(acetic) acid.
Ethanol_structure.jpg
acetic-acid-otic-solution-image01.jpg


Sorry, no cut an paste allowed from this reference.

Corrosive Wear

Ed
 
Originally Posted By: SteveSRT8

And I am almost certain that this was NOT related to acidic corrosion at all, simply a wear versus temp relationship...


Right, I was hoping mr. hackett would elaborate on the acidic erosion hypothesis.

Anyway it seems somewhat unlikely that acid erosion is repsonsible for such extensive bore top ridges and runout, especially considering that the wear follows the path of the ring, and stops immediately above the ring land.

Acid erosion can indeed be a problem, it was a huge issue with nikalsil bore coatings being attacked by sulfuric acid exposing the block aluminum, but is well dealt with by basing additives and ever reduced sulfur content in finished oil and gasoline.

But the temperature-wear correlation remains a concern; what is the mode of action? What are the variables at work? Additive activation? Any information or hypotheses? Maybe the question warrants a new thread
confused.gif
 
thumbsup2.gif
Ah spoke too soon
wink.gif

Thank you for following through!
Corrosive wear is a valid concern, and to support your hypothesis, of all the parts exposed to the acidic byproducts, the cylinder liner is indeed the coolest.

But to wear a cylinder out to the point of obvous visible runout is a whole lotta corrosion! Perhaps its the combination of friction and acid?

Originally Posted By: edhackett
Here's one of may references concerning corrosive wear and the effect of temperature. It has the most complete list of sources of the acids that I could quickly find. They did leave out nitric acid though. That's a minor, although not insignificant contributor. It will be more of a contributor with lean burn and the higher combustion temperatures that are needed for efficiency.

The TBN of the oil does reduce the cylinder wear but it is not 100% effective. Corrosion will be greater until you get the cylinder temperature above the condensation point of the various acidic byproducts. This is a large part of "startup" wear, not inadequate lubrication.

The liquid acid oxidation products are the main source using unleaded, low sulfur fuel. Since turtlevette is so fond of ethanol, I'll use it as an example. Ethanol is one oxygen atom from ethanoic(acetic) acid.
Ethanol_structure.jpg
acetic-acid-otic-solution-image01.jpg


Sorry, no cut an paste allowed from this reference.

Corrosive Wear

Ed
 
Yes, it's definitely a combination. Corrosive wear steps to the front along with cylinder wash down, inactive anti-wear additives, and out of clearance parts creating start-up wear. Once the cylinders are hot, frictional wear becomes the major source of wear. The upper cylinder area is lubricated predominantly in the boundary regime, if I recall correctly. You have the hottest moving parts in the harshest conditions, i.e. the rings, being lubricated with the least oil.

Ed
 
Originally Posted By: edhackett
Yes, it's definitely a combination. Corrosive wear steps to the front along with cylinder wash down and out of clearance parts creating start-up wear. Once the cylinders are hot, frictional wear becomes the major source of wear. The upper cylinder area is lubricated predominantly in the boundary regime, if I recall correctly. You have the hottest moving parts in the harshest conditions, i.e. the rings, being lubricated with the least oil.

Ed



Would piston cooling jets improve wear in that volatile area.
 
Geez, after I posted and then got a couple ridiculous responses.... I just gave up and went away. Came back today to see all this. Something as simple as reducing vi, and using a 10W30 instead of 5W30, in hot climates where the motor will never see less than 30 f. ambient, and usually 50+....and all this.
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Originally Posted By: lomez
Geez, after I posted and then got a couple ridiculous responses.... I just gave up and went away. Came back today to see all this. Something as simple as reducing vi, and using a 10W30 instead of 5W30, in hot climates where the motor will never see less than 30 f. ambient, and usually 50+....and all this.
smirk.gif



Surprise...!
crazy.gif
 
Originally Posted By: turtlevette
Originally Posted By: jrustles
Originally Posted By: Wolf359
As most wear occurs at start up which is below operating temperature, you're going to wear the engine down quicker using a thicker than recommended oil.



Whoa. Guys, can we stop with this stuff? Statements like these are just incomprehensive and abstract and need to stop.
Oil does not deactivate when it's cold, only to later prevent wear when it warms up to 90C. That's definitely not how it works. Interestingly, some EP additives exhibit this behavior, and they don't care what VI of oil they're in.

Also, please please understand, start ups won't kill an engine. To be facetious, how many engines have you seen mechanically fail from wear caused by too many startups?

This 'start up wear' bit is IMO an undying marketing gimmick.
18.gif


Let's look at two of the most common misperceptions surrounding 'start up wear'
-the sliding engine parts instantly begin to wear as badly as dry parts until oil pressure is achieved
this is true if all the motor oil instantly teleports to the pan everytime the engine is shut off.
wink.gif

Needless to say, that's not true. Oil and it's additives remain stuck to parts. This is partly an inherent quality of the oil (polarity, surface tension) and modified behavior with additives. The thin film left on parts and any residual oil in the gallery alone are plenty of boundary lubrication (the base oil itself also acts as boundary/mixed in this instance) to see the parts through a few cycles until more oil arrives at their respective outlets. IRONICALLY, more polar base oils and [the evil] higher viscosity oils leave a meatier film on parts. Further to that, barring severe pumpability restrictions ie. excessively high CCS viscosity, the coveted oil pressure can often be seen to build faster

-viscous motor oil flows with more resistance throughout the oiling system, relative to lower viscosities, therefore the parts are not getting their "full" flow and are thus wearing faster
Simply not true. Flow does NOT equal lubrication, and apart from a localised cooling effect at high temperatures, has otherwise NO BEARING (no pun :)) on the oil's ability to lubricate. Ah yes, there was a caveat in that last sentence- cooling effect. Luckily that's not a concern during start up
smile.gif
Nevertheless, we're discussing differences which may be imperceptible anwhere outside of a lab. 0w20 vs 10w30? Yeah, not going to notice any fuel economy hit above freezing. Not just because the practical differences in viscosity at 70Fahrenheit for instance regarding fuel consumption or wearing an engine are imperceptible and non-existent, respectively, but also because of the following bit :
regarding the abstract nature of the misconceptions, it is believed that an engine warming up with a lower viscosity, high VI oil wastes less fuel. At the same time, the belief is held that oil additives perform less optimally until NOT (normal operating temperature).
Further, its a fact that an engine operating below it''s NOT is operating in a richer fuel trim, thus using more fuel.
One other fact that many people overlook is that the resistance (molecular friction) that a lower VI/higher visc. oil 'puts up' against pumping and shearing (including windage) costs energy, indeed, but it's not a robbery!! The kinetic energy taken in, is simply outputted as heat directly into the oil. And that, my friends, is the purpose of warmup. Theoretically, the engine running the lower VI/higher visc oil reaches NOT sooner, thus the fuel trim normalizes sooner, and temp. activated additives become fully effective, sooner. And now that it's all nice and toasty at NOT, it's got the ~same KV as the higher VI oil
smile.gif
The difference is it theoretically got there sooner. Again, the difference? barely noticeable, but thems the facts.

Oh yeah, 10w30 of the same product lines will usually have less polymer, PPD to varnish your ringpack over time, so that's a nice bonus on top of VI being completely useless in any tropical environment.
27.gif




You get an F on all that stuff above. Thick oil does not properly lubricate the rings. Think of it as the ring scrapes the oil completely off the cylinder when it's thick instead of riding on the oil film. Like a squeegee scrapes water off glass.

I guess you could do an experiment to prove it to yourself. Put a straight 70wt oil in your engine and remove the thermostat. Run the dog out of it then let us know how many miles you get before it starts smoking. You'll get a lot but not 300K miles.

You could try pure Lucas additive. It's pretty thick. You'd like that.

10W-outdated.







Hmmmmmm.... I ran the old van with Mobil 1 5W50 for 300K+ miles after buying it with 140K only the last 30K I tried a 30 weight oil which it didn't like much the car went to the junkyard with a cracked unibody with over 170PSI in all cylinders and burning 1Qt. 2700 miles when using the 30 oil. So, thick oil will wear an engine specially the rings, right....
 
Originally Posted By: mene
Originally Posted By: turtlevette
Originally Posted By: jrustles
Originally Posted By: Wolf359
As most wear occurs at start up which is below operating temperature, you're going to wear the engine down quicker using a thicker than recommended oil.



Whoa. Guys, can we stop with this stuff? Statements like these are just incomprehensive and abstract and need to stop.
Oil does not deactivate when it's cold, only to later prevent wear when it warms up to 90C. That's definitely not how it works. Interestingly, some EP additives exhibit this behavior, and they don't care what VI of oil they're in.

Also, please please understand, start ups won't kill an engine. To be facetious, how many engines have you seen mechanically fail from wear caused by too many startups?

This 'start up wear' bit is IMO an undying marketing gimmick.
18.gif


Let's look at two of the most common misperceptions surrounding 'start up wear'
-the sliding engine parts instantly begin to wear as badly as dry parts until oil pressure is achieved
this is true if all the motor oil instantly teleports to the pan everytime the engine is shut off.
wink.gif

Needless to say, that's not true. Oil and it's additives remain stuck to parts. This is partly an inherent quality of the oil (polarity, surface tension) and modified behavior with additives. The thin film left on parts and any residual oil in the gallery alone are plenty of boundary lubrication (the base oil itself also acts as boundary/mixed in this instance) to see the parts through a few cycles until more oil arrives at their respective outlets. IRONICALLY, more polar base oils and [the evil] higher viscosity oils leave a meatier film on parts. Further to that, barring severe pumpability restrictions ie. excessively high CCS viscosity, the coveted oil pressure can often be seen to build faster

-viscous motor oil flows with more resistance throughout the oiling system, relative to lower viscosities, therefore the parts are not getting their "full" flow and are thus wearing faster
Simply not true. Flow does NOT equal lubrication, and apart from a localised cooling effect at high temperatures, has otherwise NO BEARING (no pun :)) on the oil's ability to lubricate. Ah yes, there was a caveat in that last sentence- cooling effect. Luckily that's not a concern during start up
smile.gif
Nevertheless, we're discussing differences which may be imperceptible anwhere outside of a lab. 0w20 vs 10w30? Yeah, not going to notice any fuel economy hit above freezing. Not just because the practical differences in viscosity at 70Fahrenheit for instance regarding fuel consumption or wearing an engine are imperceptible and non-existent, respectively, but also because of the following bit :
regarding the abstract nature of the misconceptions, it is believed that an engine warming up with a lower viscosity, high VI oil wastes less fuel. At the same time, the belief is held that oil additives perform less optimally until NOT (normal operating temperature).
Further, its a fact that an engine operating below it''s NOT is operating in a richer fuel trim, thus using more fuel.
One other fact that many people overlook is that the resistance (molecular friction) that a lower VI/higher visc. oil 'puts up' against pumping and shearing (including windage) costs energy, indeed, but it's not a robbery!! The kinetic energy taken in, is simply outputted as heat directly into the oil. And that, my friends, is the purpose of warmup. Theoretically, the engine running the lower VI/higher visc oil reaches NOT sooner, thus the fuel trim normalizes sooner, and temp. activated additives become fully effective, sooner. And now that it's all nice and toasty at NOT, it's got the ~same KV as the higher VI oil
smile.gif
The difference is it theoretically got there sooner. Again, the difference? barely noticeable, but thems the facts.

Oh yeah, 10w30 of the same product lines will usually have less polymer, PPD to varnish your ringpack over time, so that's a nice bonus on top of VI being completely useless in any tropical environment.
27.gif




You get an F on all that stuff above. Thick oil does not properly lubricate the rings. Think of it as the ring scrapes the oil completely off the cylinder when it's thick instead of riding on the oil film. Like a squeegee scrapes water off glass.

I guess you could do an experiment to prove it to yourself. Put a straight 70wt oil in your engine and remove the thermostat. Run the dog out of it then let us know how many miles you get before it starts smoking. You'll get a lot but not 300K miles.

You could try pure Lucas additive. It's pretty thick. You'd like that.

10W-outdated.







Hmmmmmm.... I ran the old van with Mobil 1 5W50 for 300K+ miles after buying it with 140K only the last 30K I tried a 30 weight oil which it didn't like much the car went to the junkyard with a cracked unibody with over 170PSI in all cylinders and burning 1Qt. 2700 miles when using the 30 oil. So, thick oil will wear an engine specially the rings, right....


The trend has been for lighter weight oils since the late 80s. You have manufs recommending 0W-20 now. The Toyota 0W-20 is a very light oil and they're getting ready to come out with the 0W-16 oil.

You best start writing letters telling them they're all full of it. I'm good though. Most people here have already told me I'm full of it. Thanks all.
 
Originally Posted By: turtlevette

The trend has been for lighter weight oils since the late 80s. You have manufs recommending 0W-20 now. The Toyota 0W-20 is a very light oil and they're getting ready to come out with the 0W-16 oil.

You best start writing letters telling them they're all full of it. I'm good though. Most people here have already told me I'm full of it. Thanks all.




And look how many people on here complain about oil consumption in their fairly new Toyotas. Should we start concluding that thin oils cause excessive ring wear based on that? Of course not.

So why would anyone, just based on the fact that manufacturers are moving to thinner oils, conclude that thicker oils cause extra wear? For one, people "full of it" would.
 
Originally Posted By: KrisZ
Originally Posted By: turtlevette

The trend has been for lighter weight oils since the late 80s. You have manufs recommending 0W-20 now. The Toyota 0W-20 is a very light oil and they're getting ready to come out with the 0W-16 oil.

You best start writing letters telling them they're all full of it. I'm good though. Most people here have already told me I'm full of it. Thanks all.




And look how many people on here complain about oil consumption in their fairly new Toyotas. Should we start concluding that thin oils cause excessive ring wear based on that? Of course not.

So why would anyone, just based on the fact that manufacturers are moving to thinner oils, conclude that thicker oils cause extra wear? For one, people "full of it" would.



I believe all engines should consume a little bit of oil. Otherwise how can you have hydrodynamic lubrication. The compression ring should be riding on a very thin film. The heavy weight oils can't get that thin and may not flow within the hone surface. Why be in boundary or mixed mode if you don't have to be?

I've been doing some searches and found a discussion here from 05. Someone was saying there is a rule of thumb in aviation engines that they need to consume a little bit of oil. They start to worry when they don't.
 
Originally Posted By: turtlevette
Originally Posted By: KrisZ
Originally Posted By: turtlevette

The trend has been for lighter weight oils since the late 80s. You have manufs recommending 0W-20 now. The Toyota 0W-20 is a very light oil and they're getting ready to come out with the 0W-16 oil.

You best start writing letters telling them they're all full of it. I'm good though. Most people here have already told me I'm full of it. Thanks all.




And look how many people on here complain about oil consumption in their fairly new Toyotas. Should we start concluding that thin oils cause excessive ring wear based on that? Of course not.

So why would anyone, just based on the fact that manufacturers are moving to thinner oils, conclude that thicker oils cause extra wear? For one, people "full of it" would.



I believe all engines should consume a little bit of oil. Otherwise how can you have hydrodynamic lubrication. The compression ring should be riding on a very thin film. The heavy weight oils can't get that thin and may not flow within the hone surface. Why be in boundary or mixed mode if you don't have to be?

I've been doing some searches and found a discussion here from 05. Someone was saying there is a rule of thumb in aviation engines that they need to consume a little bit of oil. They start to worry when they don't.





All engines use oil. It's an inescapable fact of life.

Some will use much more than others, and those that use the least amount can be functioning perfectly normal and serviceable. It's just the amount that's being used is so small, that it's being replaced in the sump with a bit of Fuel and Carbon, so it doesn't show up on a dipstick between OCI's.

There is absolutely no precedence, to indicate that an engine which doesn't "appear" to consume oil is defective or malfunctioning in any way or form.
On the contrary. It just means that it has valve Stem seals and Piston Rings are sealing to their absolute fullest potential.
The hone marks in the bore will ensure there's enough lubrication for the Piston Rings. Also the oil left on the bore helps to a large degree to form the seal of the rings.

To take your argument to it's ultimate conclusion.
An engine with a sump capacity of about 4.5 Liters that's using > 1 Liter/1000 Kms is functioning normally and is perfectly sound in a mechanical sense.
Anything less is deemed to be a potential problem.
 
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