Originally Posted By: stranger706
So how do they come up with that first number? Is it related at all to pour point? Or maybe the 40 C viscosity?
The 0Wxx, 5Wxx, etc are determined by cold cranking viscosity (CCS) and pumpability at extreme cold temperatures (MRV).
A 0W grade oil must have a maximum CCS centipoise (cP) value of 3250 @ -30 degrees C as well as a maximum MRV cP of 60,000 @ -40 degrees C.
A 5W grade oil must have a maximum CCS cP value of 3500 @ -25 degree C and a maximum MRV cP of 60,000 @ -30 degrees C. The lower the cP value for both specifications, the better.
Note that -40C = -40F and -30C = -22F.
Notice that the 0W grade oil is tested at a lower temperature on both tests AND must still have a lower CCS cP value than a 5W oil which is tested at a higher temperature. As a result, a 0w30 will allow your vehicle to start easier on a cold morning than a 5w30 will.
Nevertheless, at 100 degrees C, they all fall within the same kinematic viscosity range. Therefore, they are all classified as SAE 30 weight oils at 100 degrees C. In other words, after your engine has warmed up, a 0w30, 5w30 and 10w30 motor oil are basically the same thickness (within a certain SAE specified range).
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