http://www.automotiverebuilder.com/ar/eb60652.htm
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Amsoil's Ed Newman agrees, "Most racing oils are formulated to provide better anti-wear protection and shear stability than standard American Petroleum Institute (API) quality oils on the shelf. Our racing oil was designed specifically with these two protection and performance characteristics in mind."
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Cameron Evans of Red Line Oil says there are definitely differences to be aware of. "It may seem to be a pretty simple equation when you're making a racing oil. Everyone knows that you change race oil frequently, so you don't need detergents in racing oil. But blending oil is a bit like making a cake: you may have a quart's worth of ingredients to blend into the batter, and if it didn't need to be sweet then there would be more room to blend in something else. In passenger car oil the detergents allow the deposit to be either suspended in fluid or picked up by the oil filter. With race oil it's a bit different because you don't have that same ability. When you look at racing oil, you can remove the detergents that take up much of the room in the additive package of a passenger car oil. It leaves more room for lubricity additives this way."
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Formulating oil is a balance, and, as Red Line's Evans pointed out, many compare it to cooking. A little bit of cinnamon may taste good but a whole lot of it tastes terrible, so finding the right amount of spice requires a lot of skill.
"You have to find just the right amount of the various additives - friction modifiers, anti-wear agents, detergents and dispersants - all of this stuff the chemical engineers are playing with to get just the right mix for that particular application," explains Joe Gibbs Racing Oil's Lake Speed, Jr. "We have been playing around with our mix for some time and the oil we race with today is not the same thing we ran 6 years ago. We've perfected the recipe since then, and now we run a 5W20. But there are still some NASCAR NEXTEL Cup teams that run 15W50 motor oil because that's what they've always run."
Base oils are an important ingredient in motor oil but what sets one oil apart from another is the additives.
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According to Royal Purple's Martin, oil really doesn't become what it is until you add the additives.
"All of the benefits are in the additives," says Martin. "Even in terms of racing oils most oil companies purchase additive packages. There are only a handful of additive suppliers globally. So in many cases the oils are basically the same with the only differences being the marketing. We actually manufacture our own additives. We aren't a refinery so we buy our base oil but that's the flour in the cake. The two major characteristics of our additives is the film strength, which is the load carrying characteristics of the oil not just the wear, and the oxidation resistance."
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"There are several different types of base oils," explains Royal Purple's Martin. "In automotive applications there's Group 2 and lower, then Group 3 and Group 4 (Group 4 being synthetics). Really, if you have a Group 4 from BP/Amoco vs. Exxon/Mobil there's not going to be much of a difference. The refinement process is identical, and the tech specs will be virtually the same. Where you gain your benefit and tell the difference between any two branded oils is your additives. That's how you enhance and tweak the performance of the oil. The base oil is only going to do so much, just like the flour in the cake."