I used something like that before called Get A Grip. Not sure how they're currently sold, but they had tungsten carbide studs in plastic disks that were wedged inside the rubber. The package came with maybe two replacement studs and they sold separate replacement studs.
The problem I had were that the plastic was exposed and they could crack if I was walking on rock. I also lost one of the studs when the whole disk fell out. I also lost one that fell off (it wasn't a super tight fit on my hiking boots), but strangely enough it was recovered (long story). But they worked really great on ice but one has to high step by lifting the foot more or less straight up unless one wants to just trip over when there's ice. It's a lot like walking with crampons.