This is a quote from this article in the Chicago Tribune:
http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/breaking/chi-bp-contaminated-gasoline-claims-reach-6500-20120827,0,7986768.story
"BP on Monday also provided some details about the source of the contamination, which arose when one feed of oil piped into a refining unit — called the alkylation unit, or alky — didn't have the correct molecular makeup and contaminated the resulting gasoline, Dean said.
Using an alky is a secondary attempt in the refining process to convert more oil into gasoline using acid to rearrange molecules. Not all crude oil is converted to gasoline on the first pass through the refinery's distillation equipment. The eventual result from the alky is supposed to be a high-octane, clean-burning gasoline with anti-knock properties. But from Aug. 13 to Aug. 17, one of the feeds into the alky didn't have the correct properties."