There are certain engines that produce sufficient particulates, and/or fuel dilution, and evaporated fuel byproducts. A great example is the stunningly well built Ford 3.5L Ecoboost, which will last forever if treated well, and fail much more rapidly if not. The oil change is the only way to remove these circulating contaminates. We can, to some extent, combat rapid timing chain wear under these conditions by stepping up in viscosity. However, when the oil reaches an unfavorable level of contamination, we do see increased wear rates.
In my example the oil is fully contaminated by 4500 miles. Changing at 5000 and not 10,000 drastically reduces the time the engine operates on contaminated oil. Extending timing chain, phaser and piston ring life likely into the 400,000 mile range.