First, assuming all other things being equal, then directionally a larger rim diameter is going to result in a wider tire, which will improve the dry grip, the wet grip (except for hydroplaning), the steering response, but hurt the ride, the hydroplaning resistance, and the fuel economy.
The problem here is the "all other things being equal" part. Almost nobody does that - and differences in tires (other than size) can overwhelm any other propety.
Second, if we take "larger" to mean "larger load carrying capacity" then, all other things being equal (and this meaning is a little more complex), directionally this would improve fuel economy. You might get a couple of other changes, but it depends on which path you chose - aspect ration or section width - and one produces one effct and the other the opporsite.
- BUT -
If you take the opportunity a larger load carrying capacity tire presents and use a lower inflation pressure that results in the same load carrying capacity as before the change (again, assuming everything else is the same, and as stated earlier, the meaning is a little more complex), then you would only improve the ride.