What makes all of this even more confusing is that VW owner's manuals are often less than clear. My 02 Passat manual said that the oil must meet ACEA A1 or A3 or VW502 or VW502. It was not written in a way where it was clear whether you need to meet all three or only one of them. The only thing that was clear to me was that the manual was not written by Mori