there didn't seem to be anything in the pleats that could be dislodged, and as mentioned there wasn't anything in the base of the canister itself. So anything it filtered out was well embedded into the media. According to the can, it's made in the U.S.A. Overall, if I could buy them, I'd happily use them if they were cheaper than the Delco that I'm partial to. My only surprise, and I'm sure that's because it's a cheaper filter, was that the media seemed to be like cardboard when I cut into it.
This is my first cut open filter, so it's all new for me.