How do you know the LED retrofits will glare others, but brighter halogens won’t?
In regards to halogens,
all halogen bulbs are limited to a set amount of lumens by law with some +/- deviations allowed, this includes performance halogen bulbs. For example, an H7 halogen bulb under ECE regulations, H7 bulbs must emit between 1350 and 1650 lumens at 13.2v. Under US regulations, H7 bulbs must emit between 1188 and 1512 lumens at 12.8v. A performance halogen bulb (like Philips Xtremevision, Osram Nightbreakers etc) won't go beyond those allowed limits. They'll be more towards the upper limits but they'll never surpass it. Also, performance halogen bulbs are designed to have the filament in the exact same position and spot within the bulb.
An entire halogen headlight assembly is designed around a specific halogen bulb, where that bulb's filament position is
crucial for the beam pattern to be compliant, safe for you to drive with and not glare other drivers -- we're talking micrometers amount of precision here. Take a look at an OEM brand halogen bulb one day, you'll see weld points around the base so the filament is in the PERFECT spot when correctly installed. So, when you put a legal brighter performance halogen bulb in there, the filament is in the exact same place as OEM. So you get all the benefits and no negatives (other than bulb life taking a hit).
With the limit being between 1350 and 1660 lumens on the H7 halogen bulb, you're probably wondering what the point of a higher end performance halogen bulb is? It's the beam pattern & focus. The filament on a performance halogen is more tightly wound and is smaller and well within the window area where an OEM filament must be positioned, so you get a tighter beam pattern and more light in important spots within the beam pattern. So like in a 150%+ halogen bulb for example, you're boosting that much extra light within specific points in the beam pattern due to the smaller filament -- so you get a punchier hotstop for distance vision, some goes more towards the sides of your beam for better width and peripheral vision and some goes to improving the sharpness of the cutoff as well. In a sum of all parts, you just get more excellent legal light without blinding others.
PS: The aim of the beam pattern is also just as crucial.
So TL; DR in a nutshell: performance halogen bulbs are using physics and math to improve your ability to see at night without being illegal and blinding to other drivers. The bulbs cost more and the bulbs will burn out faster which would be the big cons.