A voltage regulator sending the alternator rotor next to no field current,, then fully fielding it with 4 to 5 amps of current, can certainly raise battery voltage that much in a second as the alternator goes from little output to 60+ amps.
A huge healthy well depleted battery would require much more time of more amperage applied for voltage to raise that quickly,
My group 31 Northstar AGM depleted to about 35% state of charge, accepts 134 amps for about 9 minutes before battery terminal voltage rises to 14.7v but this is a thin plate pure lead AGM battery with very low resistance and is still quite new and healthy. The amperage required and the time it requires to be boght to 14.7v at the same depletion level, will just become less and less as it ages. Same with all lead acid batteries, but most all are starting from a lower level of capability initially, as not every vehicle needs 1150CCA or to carry around a 78 Lb battery with such capabilities.
Most car sized starting batteries of median health and depletion levels, can be brought to high voltages, at its terminals, nearly instantly with a large amperage charging source seeking to bring it to high voltages, and most alternators today can easily produce 40+ amps at idle, when fully fielded, and some can easily double this, but only when sent lots of current to the rotor by the voltage regulator, where ever it might be located in the vehicle.
When one has a voltage dial and a huge amperage charging source to achieve that chosen voltage at the battery terminals, and an ammeter, and a voltmeter, it becomes quite obvious how it all works and who does and who does not have any understanding of it, and 99% of people who post online, and think they got it all figured out, do not, but instead keep repeating old wives tales as incontrovertible fact when actual data and reality prove the exact opposite.
I post this as having been one of those completely misunderstanding the topic years ago, and that misunderstanding was not fixed by reading others opinions online, but by collection of data in actual and lots of interest and experimentation and observations of trends and tendencies while watching and tweaking variables which affect the results.