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Can anyone explain the large difference in the Brookfield Viscosity @ -40 between Mobil 1 and Amsoil? [/quote]
Yes, the lower number is better, but Mobil and Amsoil use different methods (Amsoil's method is being the correct one)Mobil's Brookfield Viscosity method is ASTM D 5293, which is commonly used for engine oils and gives you lower number and Amsoil's is ASTM D-2983, which will give you higher number. Brookfield viscosity is more important these days than pour point because oil engineers found a way to make oil move at minus 45C, but the oil is still to thick to flow well.
AS for Viscosity index, these days the index which is too high is actually bad because it means the oil is full of Improvers which will shear relatively fast. Oils with high viscosity index usually will have high Specific Gravity, because they are full of long polymer molecules (Improvers). Specific Gravity below 0.85 might indicate the absence of improvers and indicate the oil is true synthetic oil, and not stuffed with improvers to make it behave like synthetic but for a short time before the improvers shear.