A couple of things:
1. Sorry to hear of your accident, but glad everyone is ok.
2. Your teacher was incorrect about the ABS disengaging below 30mph. Years of driving on Alaskan ice in several different vehicles has proven otherwise.
3. Cut your high beams when you know you will be encountering other drivers.
4. Assuming that following the posted speed limits will keep you safe isn't safe or smart. You must use your own judgment depending on the road conditions and other factors. Are you telling me you would follow the posted speed limit in a snow storm and assume it is safe? Or coming up on a blind corner or cresting a hill? Didn't think so. In the same way, following the posted speed limit when you have limited visibility of what is ahead of you (due to tree cover, blind corners, etc.) is also not a good idea.
5. It doesn't sound like the brakes were the problem here, so I think a brake upgrade would be going down the wrong path.
6. I've never read such a wordy post in my life!
Example #1:
"I applied pressure to the brake pedal as hard as I could."
=
"I braked as hard as I could."
Example #2:
"If you look at aerial imagery of the intersection of two major highways or a simple map, such a thing would resemble a four petal flower or bow, with the exits/entrances being on the edges of the pedals/ribbon."
=
"It was a cloverleaf intersection."
I think I could rewrite your post using half as many words! Remember: brevity is the essence of wit. Sorry- pet peeve.