Originally Posted By: 757guy
Sleep Apnea is a disqualifying medical condition for Air Traffic Controllers. Controllers may return to work only after they have demonstrated an effective treatment method, i.e., CPAP, or other approved methods.
In order to regain medical certification, an applicant must apply for a waiver and submit medical tests along with results from a MWT (maximum wakefullness test) to the FAA. The MWT test consists of placing wired elctrodes on the scalp which will measure eye movement, brain activity, respiration, pulse ox, and a few other nuero activites.
The testing requires that an individual lie on a bed in a semi-recumbant position for a 40 minute time period, and stay awake, i.e., no micro-sleeps, nodding off, etc. The 40 minute test is conducted 4 times during the day at 8 am, 10am, 12 noon, and 2 pm. If there are no "sleep events", the applicant passes the MWT.
MWT test result data is recorded and submitted to the FAA Aeromedical office in Oklahoma City, which reviews the treatment plan, initial sleep study, follow-up sleep study, and MWT results. This test must be repeated every year in order to maintain medical qualification.
Another important item to understand is that Air Traffic Controllers generally do not work the same shift day after day. Normal work schedules might consist of working days on day 1, afternoons on days 2 and 3, evenings to early am on day 4, and overnight (midnight to 8 am) on day 5. Working a rotating schedule like that can be difficult under the best of circumstances. Circadian rhythms are still not clearly understood, but are receiving attention under new duty limits and required rest periods for Air Traffic Controllers and Pilots alike.
I worked as an Air Traffic Controller, and can tell you that if you are fatigued and there is little activity (like DCA at midnight)the chances of nodding off are great. Why do we have 2 pilots in the cockpit? To back each other up. Safety is no accident.
At this time it is foolish to rush to judgement about what happened because we simply do not have the facts to support any conclusion. The old axiam in aviation is if you rush to judgement on a particluar incident, you are probably wrong.
757 Guy
Former Air Traffic Controller
Current Airline Pilot 757/767.
...and no, controllers are not needed for takeoff or landing, but an aircraft operating under part 121 needs to have a clearance from somebody. Might not be from the local tower, might be from a departure controller, or from an Air Route Traffic Control Center. Towers do close. I have landed in Ft. Meyers, FL (commercial flight) many times after the tower was closed. We simply advise any traffic on the airport frequency that we are landing. After landing we call the Air Route Traffic Control Center, tell them we are on the ground, and to cancel our IFR Flight Plan. Simple as that.
Good info, thanks.