Except for the stuff that claims to be more ecologically friendly ALL anti-freeze is largly ethelyne glycol.
Ethelyne glycol is nasty stuff by itself, and thus the reason for the additives. Without additives, it attacks the cooling system.
The differences between types and brands of anti-freeze has to do with the additive package, not the ethelyne glycol. How much and which additives is the question, and to some extent it varies by world region.
Traditionally, the Japanese don't like silicate additives but do like phosphates. The Europeans don't like phosphates. The older coolants in the US used a lot of both.
For decades, one or the other or both were needed to create a barrier between the coolant and the engine metal. In hot spots, the coolant boils and creates a little steam bubble (this phonenium is know as cavatation) and would cause corrosion if not protected. The silicate and/or phosphate created a barrier to prevent cavatation.
Silicate has the nasty habit of falling out of suspension in time, allowing the coolant to cavatate as well as driving the PH toward acid.
Phosphate doesn't perform well when used with hard water.
Newer technology uses OAT (organic acid technology) as the main anticavatation additive. OAT without the other two is how Dexcool was made. OAT has the disadvantage that it takes a while to build up the barrier, longer then silicate or phosphate. Another new type or coolant is HOAT (hybrid OAT). HOAT adds a very small dose of silicate. Mercedes has used it for years. Chrysler and Ford use it now as well.
The latest trend with the Japanese is OAT with a dose of phosphate.
It's like comparing recipies for the same dish from several different restaurants. Each restaurant has their own. With coolant, each region as well as each automaker seems to have their own recipe, as well as their own color scheme.
The so called "all makes, all models" coolant seems to be OAT.
Color alone won't tell you what it is.
For many years, cars used whatever coolant was available in the country the car ended up in once the factory fill was drained. That still might not be bad advise.
Are any of them really any better than another? OAT was at the forefront of extended drain intervals. Other than that, in my opinion, it really doesn't matter. At least that's my $.02.