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If you feel Trop Artic is the same as Motorcraft, then that's fine. Did you know its illegal for them to manufacture (2 or more) of identical oils and charge differently for each - using different labels?
Unless it's something specific to motor oil or the oil industry, you're not correct.
This is done all the time, in many industries. Go to an Imperial Holly sugar refinery, for example. In the bagging plant, you'll see bags for Imperial, Holly, Kroger, etc... all being filled with the same ________ sugar.
The catch with your thinking is that you're assuming that you're necessarily paying more for less, and that you're getting TropArtic at Motorcraft prices.
In reality, it's probably more likely that you're getting Motorcraft for TropArtic prices. If it costs ConocoPhilips 50 cents per quart to produce the motor oil that they sell as Motorcraft at $2.00+ per quart, why not sell the same thing as TropArtic at $1.60? You won't lose any money on those sales, and you'll sell more than you would have with the single brand at the single price. It's kind of the same idea as a coupon, only they're going after price-sensitive consumers with a different brand instead of a coupon.
This is elementary stuff, really. Quality & cost don't necessarily have much to do with cost beyond meeting requisite specifications and the cost needs to be low enough to allow a reasonable profit margin.