Dear OP. Your alternator is bad. I understand that it is putting out voltage, as your testing has indicated. Astro 14 is correct.
Look at it like this. Your phone can charge with a USB cable plugged into a computers USB port. It will take a very very very long time. If you use the phone (say you are watching videos) while it's charging this way, it will continue to lose power. The battery will drop from 100% to 0% while plugged up because the USB port on your computer isn't putting out enough power to keep up with demand. If you plug the phone up to a 20 or 30 watt charger and use a good cable, you can use the phone while it is charging and the battery will continue to gain power. It will go from 0% to 100% because it's getting more than enough power to keep up with demand.
That piece you posted in a pic is LIKELY road debris. Tires kick up crap that they run over and it ends up everywhere.
I know you really want it to not be the alternator, but it's the alternator. It isn't putting out some but not full power. I've had several alternators go slowly. One day they are ripping along at full strength, next few month's they work a little, and then they die.
Your car is telling you it's bad, your AZ told you it's bad, your bluetooth thingy is telling you it's bad, and if you have a voltmeter and you do the same testing as you did with your bluetooth thingy, it will tell you it's bad.
Here you go, I'll give you one final test. Start your CRV and disconnect the battery. Turn on all your electronics. Car will probably stall.