Yes there are exceptions of sorts for caravans.
With a passenger car drivers license, you can tow anything up to a combined gross weight of 3500 kg. Not that it's a good idea but if the car allows it you could pull a 2000 kg trailer with a 1500 kg car. In practice that's not possible though. You need to keep the towball download limit in mind aswell as the trailer weight, and the maximum axle weights. Towball download weight gets added to rear axle of the tow car.
if the combined gross exceeds 3500 kg, you can only tow 750 kg with a passenger car license. To go above, you need an additional trailer license. all trailers above 750 kg need seperate insurance.
If the towing vehicle has a max weight above 3500 kg, you need a truck license. And if there's more than 9 passenger seats you need a bus license. You need trailer licenses for those aswell above 750 kg.
If you're driving a vehicle above 3500 kg for a third party (commercially, you could say) you also need equipment to log your driving time AND have all logs for the last 30 days on you, for the last 3 or so years must be available on request.
