Do Cali stuff all the time, not that I like it ... But, the air is cleaner (except for smoke right now ...). The SMOG checks helped a lot with that. You can usually see across the So Cal basins on most days

So this is GM's last carburetor year for that truck. W/o the paperwork, we don't know what the "fail" was ... Most likely, if it made it past the visual, could have a leaky gas cap (fumes/won't hold pressure), or that the engine needs a serious tune-up.
All the carburetor functions must be there. Choke stove is a biggie. If the choke is not operating absolutely correctly, it won't pass.
You swapped a module in the HEI. OK, there are bunch of things to check in the HEI as we now have to have "rolling road" tests. That means the advance curve needs to be good. No hick-ups in how the advance comes in, no flat spots in the fuel mixture, etc.
PM me with a real email address, and I'll send you what I have on HEI rebuilds and timing info ...

The next thing to look at is cold start. After sitting over night, does it smoke? That would be valve seals. Does it smoke on decel or going down a grade? That would be rings or leaky intake manifold.
Have you changed the PCV valve and ALL the vacuum hoses? Any vacuum leak will throw things off ...
New clean oil and a filter (hopefully HDEO 15W-40 Delo 400 LE). Best oil I have found to get old SBC's pass SMOG ...

Tranny could be either, but many trucks got TH400, even with 305
