Amtrak passenger car, looks like some kind of abs setup to me (these trains have MASSIVE inboard disc brakes). Not sure why it would be needed though...
It's to ensure the wheels don't skid - halfarsed ABS, if you will. Only a couple inches of skidding and you'll anneal a dime-sized spot on the wheel, which will create impact loading every revolution and fairly quickly crack the wheel.
Skidding is a huge deal for rail cars / wheelsets. You know that thud, thud, thud noise you sometimes hear when a freight car rolls by? That's a flat spot on a wheel set.
That flat spot on a passenger car can become a major ride nuisance. Worse, it can lead to cracked rails (think about how that would cause an impact point versus smooth rolling...).