Another way to organise a partial/ some do - some will later list ;
From the Drivers seat
Fuel economy .
Power/power delivery - throttle amount/response - esp. on accel and deccel .( As per prev. post. ) ie sluggish, bogey , flat , unresponsive , etc .
Sometimes/usually , faster warm up and slower (RARE ) starting as well .Maybe more knock or near knock running .
CEL/#2 O2 sensor /emissions test issues .
From under the Hood ( BASIC ) ;
Oil consumption increase - ( leak/burn ) - quick to get dirty - sometimes more gasoline smell - more often - longer period of time of present .
Depending on specifics , T/B , PLENIUM , EGR , PCV , OTHER dirtier faster . Plugs show signs of running hotter/other
Signs of heat damage/stress both underhood but esp around CC .
Theres more depending , but if you see enough out of above , save yourself some time and go get the Vac . gauge .
Or go in reverse - gauge first - then visual second .