I have been hearing of this since the 80's. Back then it was fuels that passed the "BMW Unlimited Mileage Test." BMW and GM were the proponents and the fuels that passed were tested to see that they kept the injectors and intake valves clean. This was back when port fuel injection was starting to become the norm. Top Tier is an offshoot of that program. If you look at the Top Tier site you can see the manufacturers that recommend this fuel type. It's a list of good manufacturers. I do not think it is bogus.
There is plenty of history of companies, both large and small, mislabeling, cheating, and lying outright. With TT gas you have little choice but to buy from a retailer on the list and trust the system. (Any chemists here?)
I personally buy consistently from QT. There are a lot of stations in my area. They are clean and well maintained and their fuel prices are always competitive, if not the best. I don't worry over a few cents per gallon either way.
I can't tell you that using fuel that is not TT is bad. I have no idea. I just figure it makes the decision, for me, easier.