In the past, I've always found that using a higher octane gas than specified/required was a complete waste. After buying a new car with GDI engine, I ran mpg tests using regular (87 oct) and premium (91 oct) and found essentially no difference. At 20,000 miles, however, I repeated the experiment and was shocked to find that premium gas improved the gas mileage by 2mpg and the car had noticeably more zip. I concluded that carbon buildup was responsible for the change and that the ECM was retarding the timing/spark when the lower octane gas was used.