With regards to taxing fuel, consider that you are already paying income taxes to provide you with the general infrastructure that you can't afford singly.
Then you are paying programme taxes (fuel, SS, etc. - forgive my terminology, but hopefully translates from Oz to US).
Motor vehicle taxes for the damage that a car does to the road (based on weight)
Consumption taxes (VAT, GST, 6%, 8%, 10% etc).
Sin taxes (booze, smokes, petrol etc. etc.).
Then ultimately you pay tolls.
Stating that (personal) fuel taxes don't pay enough for maintaining the roads is a scam, as it negates the other taxes that you are already paying to have the infrastructure that you could not possibly afford on your own.
Oz introduced a "Medicare Levy", on top of existing taxes, then later argued that actual costs were 6 times the levy extractions, so the levy should be increased, and pushed us all into Private Insurance as well...making the pie bigger.
To imply that the petrol taxes need to pay for the roads, is also to imply that your entire bucket of taxes should not be going into consolidated revenue, and spread out over the programmes, but you should have an itemised bill, of how much personal income tax goes to the roads, how much fuel tax goes to the roads, is an extraction levy for depleting common resources, how much goes into trauma etc.
Hope that you get my drift.
Also, you've got to remember that your highway network is part of your national security (an internet like transportation system where loss of a node will not cripple the system)...otherwise M1s would be designed to be dragged through rail tunnels, and they are clearly not.