A sound level meter picks up the intensity of the noise. Or the pressure changes caused by it. It does not detect a variance in frequency.
An engine may make the same amount of noise with different oils, but the noise may change in frequency. With a good sound level meter one can test different bands of frequencies, but it is still just a rough pressure indicator that has to be calibrated before and after each use due to subtle changes in atmospheric pressure that are constantly rising or falling. It is a decent objective tool for measureing the sound intensity but is a poor measure for what is percieved! The human ear is much more complex.
Here is a source
Sound Levels
SNIP--
"A-Weighted Sound Level
The sound pressure level has the advantage of being an objective yet a handy measure of sound intensity, but it has the drawback that it is far from being an accurate measure of what is actually perceived. This is because the ear's sensitivity is strongly dependent on frequency. Indeed, whearas a sound of 1 kHz and 0 dB is already audible, you need to raise up to 37 dB to be able to hear a tone of 100 Hz. The same holds for sounds above 16 kHz.
When this dependence of the sensation of loudness with frequency was discovered and measured (by Fletcher and Munson, in 1933), it was thought that by using an adequate filtering (i.e., frequency weighting) network, it would be possible to objectively measure that sensation. This filtering network would work in a similar way as the ear does, i.e., it would attenuate low frequency and very high frequencies, leaving middle frequencies almost unchanged. In other words, it would perform a bass and a treble cut prior to actually measuring the sound."
Intensity =Decibals
Frequency = Hertz
On the sound level meter one should take into account that 1 dB is a 10% increase in intensity or sound pressure so it is indeed a rough measurement.
A sound level meter only measures dB
Differences in frequencies are what we hear from the engine bay. The sound level will almost always remain the same with a piece of equipment such as a IC engine with auxilleries attached yet the human ear is sensitive to frequency changes.
[ April 08, 2006, 12:02 PM: Message edited by: Bryanccfshr ]