As already said,
marine gear oil has special additives to limit damage if water enters the lower unit.
The question is how long will this work or be useful.
Most boaters change LU oil once a year; fresh in spring and then new fresh in next spring.
If water should enter the LU and you have it in for one year the damage will be most likely
similiar with or without marine grade gear oil. However, difficult to predict!
I have seen hundreds of outboards with automotive gear oil and i never saw a failure because of the oil.
The only failure i saw is a worn Dog on high hour outboards or outboards with a lot of gear shifts.
I use synthetic automotive gear oil for my boats, but i change it at least every 2 months.
However, if you trailer your boat it may be a good idea to check the oil every then and now for water intrusion.
Chris