I thought the article raised some good points about why mpg's hasn't improved on a steady pace, but rather in fits and starts. The manufacturers are going to make what sells. When gas prices went up, increased interest in smaller more efficient vehicles. When gas prices stayed low, body on frame SUV's like the Explorer ruled the day. Right now we're in the former stage. True, increased weight/bloat has seemed to lower the efficiency of many new vehicles. Added safety features may also be a factor in that.
Now as for an increased gas tax, certainly would be an added incentive for even further and faster improvements in mpg, with increased interest by consumers in more efficient vehicles. As pointed out, in the US we have been spoiled with relatively low gas prices in comparison to the rest of the world. That said, for the majority of legislators it's pretty much political suicide to support such a tax.
Perhaps the increased focus on improved mpg will continue this time. It needs to.