I had this same car, an 81 Rabbit Diesel. (Acceleration measured with a calendar.)
It had the same issue, wouldn't start on all four cylinders. I replaced 3 of the 4 glow plugs as I wasn't about to remove the injector pump to replace the 4th one, IIRC. It would eventually start on the first three and the fourth cylinder would catch up.
It had what looked like a choke, but was an injector advance. Pull out that knob and you would advance the fuel injection timing just a bit. Not sure it really did anything as far as I could tell.
Originally Posted By: Spazdog
My ex-girlfriend in college up north had a diesel Rabbit.
Even with the block heater plugged in overnight, it would crank slowly at first gradually speeding up until it started to run on what felt like two cylinders. (block heater was a strange concept to a Southerner like me) Shake the whole car. I thought the car was going to disintegrate into a pile of rust sometimes from the paintmixer like shaking.
"CROKCROKCROCKCROK!" It sounded like internal components were going to fly out of the side of the block at any moment.
Then the 3rd cylinder would get warm enough to allow compression ignition. A little less shaking. A little higher idle.
The 4th would finally start firing and while still loud, it wasn't nearly as much vibration. And away we would fly in a blinding cloud of soot.
To this day, I do not know what, if anything, she used to keep the diesel from gelling.
The plug through the grill ran a freezeplug and battery heater wired together with what looked like Romex.