Unless its some weird placebo affect -- I can notice the engine and transmission response on older vehicles that I have personally driven. Replacing with OEM or using a dedicated Mass Air Flow Sensor cleaner really well.
You could word that a bit better but yes, if it's dirty then actual air intake > sensed air intake, resulting in a (potentially correctable) lean condition. Check the long term fuel trims. This can also depend on the fitness of the upstream O2 sensors, though when talking about older vehicles, multiple deviations from the ideal running state may exist.