A HOA is a Home Owners Association. Basically its for people that want to buy a house, but still want to be treated like they are renting.
They are good and bad. Alot of towns have ordinances that will protect the majority of the homeowners without needing an HOA.
I was part of one before, not terrible, but I prefer living out in the country and if I want to paint my house Orange I can.
They can help keep the riff raff out, and can help protect property values. But in extreme cases where there was a "bad" HOA, it can actually hurt property values.
One of my problems is there are many HOAs that are lax when it comes time to enforce the rules, If you dont enforce the rules, than whats the point. And there is usually at least one person that thinks they are exempt from the rules.
HOAs are only a problem if you don't read the covenants before buying the house. I flat out shake my head when people KNEW the rules before they bought the property but then have the gall to complain AFTER they settled in. A properly run HOA will preserve your home's value and make your real estate an appreciating asset.
And of all the HOAs I've been in.. nobody ever wants to be on the board but also has nothing but complaints about the rules or enforcement. In those cases just nominate yourself to become a board member and then change things up.. it's as simple as that.